Molecular Identification of Stress Tolerant Yeasts Isolated from Cactus Pear Fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) and Reserve Carbohydrate Accumulations

Öz

Cactus pear plant (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) is a type of cactus with a high tolerance to heat and drought due to the geographical and climatic conditions in which it grows. The fruits and decaying cladodes of the cactus pear plant provide a suitable environment for yeasts and other microorganisms to grow. Yeast cells accumulate trehalose and glycogen as a stress metabolite under stress conditions. Our study, it was aimed to isolate stress-tolerant yeast species from cactus pear fruit and identify them with molecular methods, and determine their storage carbohydrate accumulations. Sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA-D1/D2 gene region was used for molecular identification of thermotolerant and osmotolerant yeast strains. Trehalose and glycogen accumulations of stress-tolerant yeast strains were determined enzymatically under stress conditions. All isolated strains belonging to K. marxianus, K. lactis and P. kudriavzevii yeast species were determined as thermotolerant and osmotolerant. It was determined that K. marxianus and K. lactis yeast species preferred glycogen as a stress metabolite while P. kudriavzevii yeast species accumulated trehalose. Stress tolerance and the type and amount of reserve carbohydrate were found to be various among the other isolated yeast strains of A. pullulans, H. opuntiae and P. kluyveri depending on the degree and type of stress. It has been evaluated that the isolated K. marxianus and K. lactis yeast strains have the potential to be used in the dairy industry, while the P. kudriavzevii yeast strains are suitable for use in the bioethanol and fermentation industry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heat Stress
• Osmotic Stress
• rDNA
• Stress Metabolite

Kaktüs Armut (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Meyvesinden Stres Tolerant Mayaların Moleküler Tanımlanması ve Depo Karbonhidrat Birikimleri

Öz

Kaktüs armut bitkisi (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) yetiştiği coğrafya ve iklim koşulları nedeniyle sıcaklığa ve kuraklığa toleransı oldukça yüksek olan bir kaktüs türüdür. Bu kaktüs türünün bozulmaya başlayan kladotları ve meyveleri mayaların ve diğer mikroorganizmaların çoğalabilmesi için uygun alan oluşturmaktadır. Maya hücreleri stres koşullarında stres metaboliti olarak trehaloz ve glikojen biriktirir. Çalışmamızda kaktüs armut meyvesinden stres dirençli maya türlerinin izole edilerek moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanması ve depo karbonhidrat birikimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Termotolerant ve osmotolerant maya suşlarının moleküler tanımlanmasında 26S rDNA-D1/D2 gen bölgesinin dizi analizi kullanıldı. Stres dirençli maya suşlarının trehaloz ve glikojen birikimleri stres koşullarında enzimatik olarak belirlendi. İzole edilen K. marxianus, K. lactis ve P. kudriavzevii maya türlerine ait tüm maya suşlarının termotolerant ve osmotolerant maya suşları olduğu gözlendi. K. marxianus ve K. lactis maya türünde stres metaboliti olarak glikojenin P. kudriavzevii maya türünde ise trehalozun tercih edildiği belirlendi. Diğer izole edilen A. pullulans, H. opuntiae ve P. kluyveri türlerine ait maya suşları arasında stres toleransının ve depo karbonhidratın stresin derecesine ve çeşidine bağlı olarak değiştiği tespit edildi. İzole edilen K. marxianus ve K. lactis maya suşlarının süt ürünleri endüstrisinde, P. kudriavzevii maya suşlarının ise biyoetanol ve fermentasyon endüstrisinde kullanımı için uygun potansiyele sahip oldukları değerlendirildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Isı Stresi
• Ozmotik Stres
• rDNA
• Stres Metaboliti

Kaynakça

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