Ranking the PISA Composite Performance of Countries Based on the PISA 2018 Survey Results

Öz

Various measurement and evaluation studies at the national and international
levels are conducted by countries to reveal the extent of success in different
education levels. One such study is the Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA) survey. The PISA survey results provide educators and decisionmakers with practical and relevant information about the education levels of their
countries. To this end, this study aimed to determine the composite PISA 2018
performance rankings of the participating countries. The mean scores of reading
skills, mathematics, and science literacies used in determining composite PISA
performance rankings were weighted through CRITIC and Entropy methods
allowing for objective criterion weighting. Two different composite PISA
performance rankings of countries were determined by applying the CRITIC- and
Entropy-based TOPSIS method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)
methods. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to compare the
rankings determined through this method. A perfect positive correlation was found
between the two different composite PISA performance rankings. According to the
results of the study, when the PISA performance rankings of the 78 countries that
were participated in the PISA 2018 survey were examined, it was determined that
the composite PISA performance rankings of the first 5 and the last 5 countries,
and the rankings of 43 countries calculated by both methods remained the same
that calculated with the Entropy and CRITIC-based TOPSIS method

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PISA
• international exams
• Entropy
• CRITIC
• TOPSIS

PISA 2018 Araştırma Sonuçlarına Göre Ülkelerin Bileşik PISA Performans Sıralaması

Öz

Ülkeler farklı düzeylerde verilen eğitimlerin ne düzeyde başarılı olduğuna ilişkin
çeşitli ulusal ya da uluslararası alanda ölçme ve değerlendirme çalışmaları
yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmalardan biri de PISA araştırmasıdır. PISA araştırması
sonrasında yayınlanan raporlar, eğitimcilere ve karar vericilere ülkelerinin eğitim
düzeyleri hakkında işlevsel ve faydalı bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2018
PISA araştırmasına katılan ülkelerin bileşik PISA performans sıralamalarının
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bileşik PISA performans sıralamalarının
belirlenmesinde kullanılan okuma becerileri, matematik ve fen okuryazarlığı
ortalama puanları; objektif yaklaşımla kriter ağırlıklandırmasına imkân veren
CRITIC ve Entropi yöntemleri ile ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Çok ölçütlü karar verme
metotlarından CRITIC ve Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemi uygulanarak ülkelerin
iki farklı bileşik PISA performans sırası belirlenmiştir. CRITIC ve Entropi tabanlı
TOPSIS yöntemiyle elde edilen sıralamaları karşılaştırmak için Spearman
korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. CRITIC ve Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemiyle
hesaplanan iki farklı bileşik PISA performans sıralamaları arasında mükemmel
pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre PISA 2018
araştırmasına katılan 78 ülkenin PISA başarı sıralamaları incelendiğinde ilk 5 ve
son 5 ülkenin Entropi ve CRITIC tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemi ile hesaplanan bileşik
PISA performans (bileşik indeks) sıralamalarının ve 43 ülkenin her iki yöntem ile
hesaplanan sıralamasının aynı kaldığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PISA
• Uluslararası sınavlar
• Entropi
• CRITIC
• TOPSIS

Kaynakça

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