Araştırma Makalesi
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The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 109, 113 - 134, 02.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1598836

Öz

This study investigates the causal relationship between green bonds -an essential component of green financial instruments- green growth, and environmental performance indicators in developed countries. Data from the period 2014–2022 were analyzed using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality Test, based on a sample of 189 observations. Green bonds are financial instruments issued to fund environmentally sustainable projects, with the aim of fostering sustainable development. The analysis explores the nature of the relationship (whether causal, bidirectional, or unidirectional) between green bond issuance and national environmental performance indicators. The results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship running from green growth to the issuance of green bonds, with no evidence of causality in the reverse direction. Furthermore, a bidirectional causality was found between environmental protection expenditures and green bond issuance. These findings underscore the importance of financial instruments in advancing green growth and environmental sustainability objectives, suggesting that green finance could play a pivotal role in shaping future environmental policies.

Etik Beyan

The data utilized in this study are secondary data sourced from the OECD; therefore, ethical committee approval is not required.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

23/163/01/5

Teşekkür

We would like to express our gratitude to the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University and its staff for their contributions and financial support provided through project number 23/163/01/5.

Kaynakça

  • Afzal, Ayesha – Rasoulinezhad - Ehsan - Malik, Zaki (2022). “Green finance and sustainable development in Europe”, Economic Research, 35(1), 5150-5163.
  • Andersen, Mikael Skou (2007). “An Introductory Note on the Environmental Economics of the Circular Economy”. Sustainability Science, 2(1), pp. 133-140.
  • Berensmann, Kathrin - Lindenberg, Nannette (2016). “Green finance: actors, challenges and policy recommendations”. German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Briefing Paper, 23, 1-4.
  • Dağlı, Hüseyin - Ayaydın, Hasan (2012). “Gelişen piyasalarda hisse senedi getirisini etkileyen makroekonomik değişkenler üzerine bir inceleme: Panel veri analizi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4), 45-65.
  • Dikau, Simon - Volz, Ulrich (2018). “Central Banking, climate change and green finance”. ADBI Working Paper Series, 867, 1-19.
  • Dumitrescu, Elena Ivona - Hurlin, Christophe (2012). “Testing for granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”. Economic Modelling, 29(4), pp. 1450-1460.
  • Gilchrist, David - Yu, Jing - Zhong, Rui (2021). “The limits of green finance: a survey of literature in the context of green bonds and green loans”. Sustainability, 13(2), 478.
  • Goldstein, Don (2001). “Financial sector reform and sustainable development: The case of costa rica”. Ecological Economics, 37(2), 199-215.
  • Hafner, Sarah - Jones, Aled - Anger-Kraavi, Annela - Pohl, Jan (2020). “Closing the green finance Gap–A systems perspective”. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 26-60.
  • Huang, Yongming - Chen, Chen - Lei, Lijun - Zhang, Yaping (2022). “Impacts of green finance on green ınnovation: A spatial and nonlinear perspective”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 132548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132548, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.10.2024).
  • Kalhan, Dila (2021). “Panel data analysis of causal relationship between public expenditures and economic growth”. Master's Thesis, Istanbul University.
  • Koo, Junghan - Son, Donghee - Jeon, Yongil (2010). “Sustainable (Green) finance: efficient and effective ınvestment strategies for green technologies”. Environmental and Resource Economics Review, 19(3), 659-688.
  • Liebman, Ariel - Reynolds, Aisha - Robertson, Dani - Nolan, Sharna - Argyriou, Megan -Sargent, Beth (2019). “Green finance in Indonesia”. Handbook of Green Finance, 98(1), 1-30.
  • Lin, Tsung Xian - Li, Ling - Padhan, Hemchandra - Pruseth, Sujit Kumar - Patel, Gupteswar -Haouas, Ilham (2024), “The Impact of Green Finance Funds on Industrial Productivity Cycles: Evidence from Developing Economies”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 208, 123706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123706, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2024).
  • Oakley, Peter - Garforth, Christopher (1985). “Guide to extension training (No. 11)”. Food and Agriculture Org., Rome, Italy.
  • Perez, Oren (2007). “The New Universe of Green Finance: From Self-Regulation to Multi-Polar Governance”. Bar Ilan University Pub Law Working Paper, 7(3), 1-32. https://ssrn.com/abstract=962633, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024).
  • Türktemiz, Fatmagül (2023). Lise öğrencilerinin biyoçeşitlilik konusunda bilişsel yapılarının ve alternatif kavramlarının belirlenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya.
  • Wu, Hong (2022). “Trade openness, green finance and natural resources: a literature review”, Resources Policy, 78, 102801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102801, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2024).
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda (2017). Panel zaman serileri analizi stata uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık 3.Baskı.
  • Zhou, G., Zhu, J. and Luo, S. (2022). The impact of fintech innovation on green growth in China: Mediating effect of green finance. Ecological Economics, 193, 107308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107308, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.10.2024).

Yeşil Tahviller, Çevresel Performans ve Yeşil Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Gelişmiş Ülkeler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 109, 113 - 134, 02.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1598836

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yeşil finansman araçlarının önemli bir bileşeni olan yeşil tahviller, gelişmiş ülkelerdeki yeşil büyüme ve çevresel göstergeler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmiştir. 2014-2022 dönemine ait verilerin analizinde, Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Nedensellik Analizi kullanılmış ve toplamda 189 gözlemden yararlanılmıştır. Yeşil tahviller, çevre dostu projeleri finanse etme amaçlı çıkarılan finansman araçları olup, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı teşvik etmeyi hedefler. Araştırmada, yeşil tahvil ihraçlarının ülkelerin çevresel performans göstergeleriyle nasıl bir ilişki içinde olduğu (nedensellik çift veya tek yönlü) analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yeşil büyümeden yeşil tahvil ihracına doğru nedensellik ilişkisi varken tersi durumda nedenselliğin olmadığı görülmektedir. Çevre koruma harcamaları ile yeşil tahvil ihracı arasındaki incelemelerde ise, çift yönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, yeşil büyüme ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri doğrultusunda finansman araçlarının önemini vurgulamakta olup, yeşil finansmanın gelecekteki çevre politikalarına önemli katkılarda bulunabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada kullanılan veriler ikincil veriler olarak OECD'den alındığından etik kurul iznine gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

23/163/01/5

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmaya 23/163/01/5 numaralı proje ile finansal destek sağlayan Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine ve çalışanlarına katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

  • Afzal, Ayesha – Rasoulinezhad - Ehsan - Malik, Zaki (2022). “Green finance and sustainable development in Europe”, Economic Research, 35(1), 5150-5163.
  • Andersen, Mikael Skou (2007). “An Introductory Note on the Environmental Economics of the Circular Economy”. Sustainability Science, 2(1), pp. 133-140.
  • Berensmann, Kathrin - Lindenberg, Nannette (2016). “Green finance: actors, challenges and policy recommendations”. German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Briefing Paper, 23, 1-4.
  • Dağlı, Hüseyin - Ayaydın, Hasan (2012). “Gelişen piyasalarda hisse senedi getirisini etkileyen makroekonomik değişkenler üzerine bir inceleme: Panel veri analizi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4), 45-65.
  • Dikau, Simon - Volz, Ulrich (2018). “Central Banking, climate change and green finance”. ADBI Working Paper Series, 867, 1-19.
  • Dumitrescu, Elena Ivona - Hurlin, Christophe (2012). “Testing for granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”. Economic Modelling, 29(4), pp. 1450-1460.
  • Gilchrist, David - Yu, Jing - Zhong, Rui (2021). “The limits of green finance: a survey of literature in the context of green bonds and green loans”. Sustainability, 13(2), 478.
  • Goldstein, Don (2001). “Financial sector reform and sustainable development: The case of costa rica”. Ecological Economics, 37(2), 199-215.
  • Hafner, Sarah - Jones, Aled - Anger-Kraavi, Annela - Pohl, Jan (2020). “Closing the green finance Gap–A systems perspective”. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 26-60.
  • Huang, Yongming - Chen, Chen - Lei, Lijun - Zhang, Yaping (2022). “Impacts of green finance on green ınnovation: A spatial and nonlinear perspective”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 132548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132548, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.10.2024).
  • Kalhan, Dila (2021). “Panel data analysis of causal relationship between public expenditures and economic growth”. Master's Thesis, Istanbul University.
  • Koo, Junghan - Son, Donghee - Jeon, Yongil (2010). “Sustainable (Green) finance: efficient and effective ınvestment strategies for green technologies”. Environmental and Resource Economics Review, 19(3), 659-688.
  • Liebman, Ariel - Reynolds, Aisha - Robertson, Dani - Nolan, Sharna - Argyriou, Megan -Sargent, Beth (2019). “Green finance in Indonesia”. Handbook of Green Finance, 98(1), 1-30.
  • Lin, Tsung Xian - Li, Ling - Padhan, Hemchandra - Pruseth, Sujit Kumar - Patel, Gupteswar -Haouas, Ilham (2024), “The Impact of Green Finance Funds on Industrial Productivity Cycles: Evidence from Developing Economies”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 208, 123706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123706, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2024).
  • Oakley, Peter - Garforth, Christopher (1985). “Guide to extension training (No. 11)”. Food and Agriculture Org., Rome, Italy.
  • Perez, Oren (2007). “The New Universe of Green Finance: From Self-Regulation to Multi-Polar Governance”. Bar Ilan University Pub Law Working Paper, 7(3), 1-32. https://ssrn.com/abstract=962633, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024).
  • Türktemiz, Fatmagül (2023). Lise öğrencilerinin biyoçeşitlilik konusunda bilişsel yapılarının ve alternatif kavramlarının belirlenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya.
  • Wu, Hong (2022). “Trade openness, green finance and natural resources: a literature review”, Resources Policy, 78, 102801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102801, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2024).
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda (2017). Panel zaman serileri analizi stata uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık 3.Baskı.
  • Zhou, G., Zhu, J. and Luo, S. (2022). The impact of fintech innovation on green growth in China: Mediating effect of green finance. Ecological Economics, 193, 107308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107308, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.10.2024).
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre ve İklim Finansmanı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cem Sehil 0009-0007-5621-9588

Yusuf Tepeli 0000-0003-0413-4869

Proje Numarası 23/163/01/5
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 109

Kaynak Göster

APA Sehil, C., & Tepeli, Y. (2026). The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi(109), 113-134. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1598836
AMA Sehil C, Tepeli Y. The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. Ocak 2026;(109):113-134. doi:10.25095/mufad.1598836
Chicago Sehil, Cem, ve Yusuf Tepeli. “The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries”. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, sy. 109 (Ocak 2026): 113-34. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1598836.
EndNote Sehil C, Tepeli Y (01 Ocak 2026) The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi 109 113–134.
IEEE C. Sehil ve Y. Tepeli, “The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, sy. 109, ss. 113–134, Ocak2026, doi: 10.25095/mufad.1598836.
ISNAD Sehil, Cem - Tepeli, Yusuf. “The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries”. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi 109 (Ocak2026), 113-134. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1598836.
JAMA Sehil C, Tepeli Y. The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. 2026;:113–134.
MLA Sehil, Cem ve Yusuf Tepeli. “The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries”. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, sy. 109, 2026, ss. 113-34, doi:10.25095/mufad.1598836.
Vancouver Sehil C, Tepeli Y. The Causal Relationship Between Green Bonds, Environmental Performance, and Green Growth: An Empirical Study of Developed Countries. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. 2026(109):113-34.