LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN BELGIUM

Öz

Belgium is a federal state composed of municipalities (gemeenten), provinces (provincies), regions (gewesten) and communities (gemeenschappen).The country has three regions and three cultural communities, also divided into 10 provinces (plus Brussels) and 589 municipalities. Provincial and local government is an exclusive competency of the regions. All tiers of state council are elected for six-year terms by residents. Complex government formation of Belgium can create some problems on division of public services responsibly and intergovernmental fiscal relation of state stages. This article aims to explain of local government and local finance structure of Belgium

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Belgium
• Local Government
• Local Government Finance

BELÇİKA’DA YEREL YÖNETİMLER*

Öz

Belçika bölgeler, topluluklar, il ve belediyelerden meydana gelen federal bir devlettir. Ülkede üç bölge, üç kültürel topluluk vardır ve 10 il yönetimine (Brüksel dahil) ve 589belediye yönetimine bölünmüş durumdadır. İl ve belediye yönetimleri daha çok bölge yönetimlerinin mali ve idari sorumluluğu altındadır. Ülkedeki her yönetim kademesi altı yılda bir yapılan yerleşiklerin kullandığı oylar ile belirlenen meclislere sahiptir. Belçika’daki karmaşık yönetim yapısı farklı idari kademeler arasında hizmet bölüşümü ve yönetimler arası mali ilişkiler yönüyle bazı sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu makale Belçika’daki yerel yönetim yapılarının ve mali ilişkilerinin açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Belçika
• Yerel Yönetimler
• Yerel Yönetim Maliyesi

Kaynakça

1. Belgium Federal Public Service Finance, Tax Survey, No:24, 2012. http://docufin. fgov.be/intersalgen/thema/publicaties/memento/memento.htm
2. BOUVIER Jasques, “Local Government in Belgium”, in Angel-Manuel Moreno, (eds.), Local Government in the Member States of European Union: A Comparative Legal Perspective, National Institute of Public Administration, Spain, Madrid, 2012, s.45-67.
3. Council of Europe, Belgium: Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy, 2006, s.1-52.
4. Council of European Municipalities and Regions, Local and Regional Government in Europe, 2012. http://www.ccre.org/docs/publication-structures-2012-en.pdf
5. Dexia, Sub-national Governments in the European Union, Dexia Editions, Paris, 2008, s. 178.
6. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database
7. http://statbel.fgov.be (Belçika Federal İstatistik Kurumu)
8. http://stats.oecd.org/ (OECD İstatistikleri) http://www.apw.be/

9. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/Communes/competence/
10. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/Communes/institutions/
11. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/communities/competence/
12. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federal_authorities/king/
13. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federal_authorities/federal_parliament/
14. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federal_authorities/federal_government/
15. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federale_staat/
16. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federale_staat/structure/
17. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federale_staat/
18. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/provinces/competence/
19. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/provinces/competence/
20. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/provinces/institutions/
21. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/regions/
22. http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/regions/competence/
23. http://www.nbb.be/belgostat/PublicatieSelectieLinker?LinkID=592000084|910000082&Lang=E
24. (Belçika Ulusal Merkez Bankası) http://www.vlaamseprovincies.be/
25. KOZLUK Tomazs, Alain JOUSTER, Jens HOJ, “Bringing Belgiun Public Finances to a Sustainable Path”, OECD Economic Department Working Papers No: 954, 2012, s. 20. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/bringing-belgian-public-finances-to-a-sustainable-path_5k9b7bxqvgvh-en
26. WAYENBERG Ellen, Filip De RYNCK, Kingdom of Belgium, UCLG Country Profiles, s.1-10.
27. WAYENBERG Ellen, Filip de RYNCK, Kristof Steyvers, Jean-Benoit Pilet, “Belgium: A Tale of Regional Divergence?”, In The Oxford Handbook of Local and Regional Democracy in Europe, Ed. John Loughlin, Frank Hendriks, Anders Lidström, Oxford University Press, 2011, s.71-95.