Sihirli Bir Araç Olarak Endüstriyel Kümelenmeler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 99 - 122, 01.07.2017

Sedat Acar Bayram Güneş

Öz

İktisadi kalkınma yarışı, çoğu zaman mevcut sistemin eşitsizlik üreten doğasını görmemize engel olmaktadır. Uluslararası güç ilişkileri ve sınıfsal gerçekliklerden soyutlanmış analizler, ana akım kalkınma yazınını kaplamış görünmektedir. Bunlardan biri de bölgesel kalkınma alanının yeni gözdelerinden biri olan ‘endüstriyel kümelenme’ çalışmalarıdır.

Toplumsal alana ilişkin güven, karşılıklılık, dayanışma ve aidiyet gibi bazı değerleri bölgesel kalkınma çabalarının bir bileşeni haline getirerek ‘toplulukçu bir piyasa’ tahayyülü oluşturan kümelenme konsepti, son yıllarda oldukça ilgi görmektedir. Endüstriyel bölgelerin sağladığı dışsallıkları, bahsi edilen ‘sosyal sermaye’ unsurlarıyla aktive etme veya geliştirme çabası olarak değerlendirilebilecek kümelenme girişimleri, araştırmacılar nezdinde pozitif bir karşılık bulmaktadır. Ancak, bu girişimlere dair yapılan analizler kalkınma meselesinin ele alınışındaki sakatlıkları aynen içermektedir.

Bu çalışma, teknoloji teması üzerinden, endüstriyel bölgeler ve bunun üzerine bina edilen kümelenme girişimlerine dair yazının eleştirel bir değerlendirmesini içermektedir. Çalışmada, konseptin dönüşümünü sağlayan bazı temel tartışmaların yanı sıra, endüstriyel bölgelerin uluslararası işbölümü içerisindeki yeri, bölgesel harmoni çabalarının ideolojik imaları ve konseptin önemli yapıtaşlarından biri olan üniversite-sanayi işbirliklerinin yarattığı sorunlar gibi ilgili yazının ihmal ettiği konular ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgesel kalkınma, endüstriyel kümelenmeler, teknoloji, sosyal sermaye, üniversite-sanayi işbirliği.

Kaynakça

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