Roma Dönemi’nden Ortaçağ’a Tıp Aletleri

Öz

Antik Dönem hekimleri uyguladıkları tedavi yöntemlerinde önce hijyene önem vermişler ve asklepionları genelde sıcak ve soğuk su kaynaklarının bulundukları alanlara kurmuşlardır. Bu sağlık merkezlerinde hastalar kendilerini kutsal bir ele teslim etmiş olmanın psikolojik rahatlığı içinde tedavi olurlardı. Hekimler hastalarına öncelikli olarak diyet uygularlar, diyet sonrası farmasötik tedaviye geçerlerdi. Bazı bitkisel ilaçlar ile uygulanan bu tedavi yöntemine cevap vermeyen hastalar için cerrahi müdahaleye başvurulurdu. Yetersiz anestezi uygulamalarından dolayı hastaların acı çekmelerini önlemek için cerrahi müdahalelerin en kısa zamanda sonlandırılması gerekiyordu. Bu nedenle cerrahi aletlerin ameliyat esnasında zaman kaybını önlemek için ergonomik olmasının yanı sıra çok amaçlı kullanılabilir şekilde dizayn edilmelerine dikkat edilirdi. Bir ucu sonda, dilatatör, delici, spatül, damlalık, diğer ucu kaşık, kanca, iğne, bisturi vs. olarak tasarlanmış, bronz, gümüş, kemik ve fildişinden yapılmış cerrahi aletler en sık rastlanılan örneklerdir. Bu makalede, Selçuk Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Bölümü’nde bulunan bazı tıp aletlerinin tanımları yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: Ergonomik; Antik Tıp; Asklepion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomik, Antik Tıp, Asklepion

Medical Tools from Roman Period to Medieval

Öz

Abstract Ancient Period physicians gave priority to hygiene at treatment methods applications and they generally established their asclepions just to hot or cold water resource areas. The patients treated in psychological comfort in those health centers because of delivering themselves to holy hands. First of all the physicians apply diet to their patients, after diet they applied pharmaceutics treatment. The patients who don’t reply those treatments via herbal medicines were applied to surgical intervention. The surgical intervention had to be finalized in the shortest time to prevent suffer so much due to insufficient anesthesia applications. So the medical tools had to be designed ergonomic to prevent time loosing during operation and also to be multifunctional. To most common seen medical tools were one end is catheter, dilatators, driller, spatula, dripper other end is spoon, hook, needle, bistoury etc. and they are made of bronze, silver, bone and ivory. In this article, some of medical tools that are in the Selçuk University Archeology Department will be tried to be defined. Keywords: Ergonomic; Ancient Medicine; Asclepion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomic, Ancient Medicine, Asclepion

Kaynakça

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