Türkiye’nin Virüs Savar Bitkisi Laden (Cistus spp.) Türleri: Geleneksel Kullanımları, Biyoaktif Kimyasal Bileşenleri ve Farmakolojik Aktiviteleri

Öz

Cistaceae familyasından olan Cistus (Laden) türleri; çok yıllık, çalı formunda, beyaz veya pembe çiçekli, genellikle Orta Doğu Akdeniz (Fransa ve İber Yarımadası hariç), Kuzey Afrika ve Batı Asya’da yayılım gösteren bitki türleridir. C. creticus L. (sinonim Cistus x incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Hetwood), C. salviifolius L., C. parviflorus Lam., C. monspeliensis L. ve C. laurifolius L. türleri Türkiye florasında doğal olarak yetişmekte olan, ekonomik ve endüstriyel öneme sahip laden taksonlarıdır. Bu bitkiler; halk arasında ‘laden’, ‘laden otu’, ‘kaya gülü’, ‘pamukla’, ‘pamukluk’, ‘pamuk otu’, ‘davşanotu’, ‘karağan’ ve ‘tavşançalısı’ olarak bilinmektedir. Laden türlerinin yaprakları, çiçekleri, tohumları rezin ve uçucu yağları; Anadolu Halk Hekimliğinde, infüzyon halinde kabızlık giderici, uyarıcı, balgam söktürücü, mide ve romatizmal hastalıkların tedavisinde, ayrıca mikroorganizma enfeksiyonlarına karşı koruyucu ve tedavi edici olarak yüzyıllardır geleneksel olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cistus türleri ihtiva ettikleri quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-metil eter, apigenin, luteolin, aesculin, flavan-3-ol ve proantosiyanidin gibi oldukça farklı fitokimyasal içeriğe sahip olup, içerdiği bu doğal bileşikler sayesinde tıp alanında kullanımlarına yönelik antiviral, antimikrobiyal, antifungal, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, antispazmodik ve antidiyabetik özelliklere sahip olduğunu rapor eden birçok bilimsel çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede; ülkemizin en önemli virüs savar bitkilerinden olan Cistus türlerinin Anadolu geleneksel halk hekimliğindeki kullanımlarının yanı sıra; fitokimyasal bileşimleri, farmakokinetikleri, farmakolojik ve biyolojik aktiviteleri bilimsel veriler ışığında kapsamlı olarak sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cistus spp.
• Laden
• Şifalı bitki
• Antiviral
• Anadolu Halk Hekimliği

Rockrose (Cistus spp.) Species as Turkey’s Virus Repellent Plants: Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities

Öz

Cistus (Rockrose) species from the Cistaceae family; perennial, bush-shaped, with white or pink flowers, generally spread in the Middle East Mediterranean (except France and Iberian Peninsula), North Africa and Western Asia. C. creticus L. (sinonim Cistus x incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Hetwood), C. salviifolius L., C. parviflorus Lam., C. monspeliensis L. and C. laurifolius L. species, growing naturally in Turkey flora, have economic and industrial importance. Cistus species are traditionally known as ‘laden’, ‘laden otu’, ‘kaya gülü’, ‘pamukla’, ‘pamukluk’, ‘pamuk otu’, ‘davşanotu’, ‘karağan’ and ‘tavşançalısı’ in different parts of Turkey. Leaves, flowers, seeds, resin and essential oils of Rockrose species have been traditionally used for centuries as infusions for laxative, stimulant, expectorant, treatment of stomach and rheumatic diseases as well as preventive and therapeutic against microorganism infections in the Anatolian folk medicine. Cistus species have quite different phytochemical contents such as quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-methyl ether, apigenin, luteolin, aesculin, flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin, and there are many scientific studies reporting that they possess antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antidiabetic properties. In this review; traditional uses, phytochemical compositions, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological and biological activities of Cistus species, one of the most important antiviral plants in Anatolian traditional medicine, are presented in the light of scientific literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cistus spp.
• Rockrose
• Medicinal plant
• Antiviral
• Anatolian Folk Medicine

Kaynakça

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