Mimaride Etkin Strüktürler Olarak Ahşap Izgara Kabuklar

Öz

Ahşap ızgara kabuklar, serbest biçimleri nedeniyle karmaşık bir tasarım ve uygulama sürecine sahip olmasına rağmen; geniş açıklıkları minimum malzeme ile geçen en etkin taşıyıcı sistemlerden biridir. Çalışmada ahşap ızgara kabuk örneklerinin geçmişten günümüze gelişiminin, olumlu, olumsuz yönlerinin ve iki farklı tür (elastik ve rijit) ahşap ızgara kabuğun incelenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, inşa edildiği dönemde; tasarım ve uygulama açısından yeniliklere öncülük eden, farklı özelliklere sahip ahşap ızgara kabuk örnekleri seçilerek; bu örneklerin, tasarım, yapım yöntemi ve elemanları ile form oluşturma yöntemlerine ait verileri tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar ve yapılan değerlendirmelere göre, ahşap ızgara kabukların mimari ve yapısal açıdan gelişimine paralel olarak öneminin de giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Formun karmaşıklığı günümüzde sınırlayıcı bir faktör olarak görülmezken, yapısal karmaşıklığın artmasına bağlı olarak üretim sürecindeki zorluklar ve artan maliyet ahşap ızgara kabuk örneklerini müze, sergi salonları, spor alanları, vb. gibi sembolik yapılarla sınırlandırmıştır. Gelecekte, ahşap ızgara kabukların farklı konstrüksiyonları bir arada kullanan hibrid sistemler şeklinde uygulanabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• strüktür
• ahşap ızgara kabuk
• elastik ahşap ızgara kabuk
• rijit ahşap ızgara kabuk
• serbest form

Timber Gridshells as Effective Structures in Architecture

Öz

Although timber gridshells have a complex design and construction process due to their free form; it is one of the most efficient structural systems to cover large-spans with minimum material. The study has aimed to analyze the evolution of timber gridshells over time, positive and negative aspects of using this system and to compare the samples of elastic and rigid gridshell structures. In this context, timber gridshell samples which owned unique design and constructional features during the period when they were built have been selected. Afterwards, design and construction methods and elements used, also form decision methods have been summarised in tables. According to the results obtained and the evaluations made, it has been seen that the importance of the timber grid shells is increasing in parallel with the architectural and structural development. Although the complexity of the form is not a limiting factor today, the difficulties in the production process and the increasing cost due to the increase in structural complexity have limited the timber gridshell samples to symbolic structures such as museums, exhibition halls, sports fields, etc. It is expected that timber gridshells can be applied as hybrid systems that use different constructions together in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Structure
• timber gridshell
• elastic gridshell
• rigid gridshell
• free-form

Kaynakça

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