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Mimarlıkta Uyarlanabilirlik Seviyeleri ve Örnekler Üzerinden Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 217 - 234, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1478404

Öz

Yapılar fayda sağlamak için inşa edilmekte ve yapıların uzun süre kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Yapılı çevre, iç ve dış nedenlere bağlı olarak sürekli değişim halindedir. Dolayısıyla yapıların yaşam döngüleri boyunca değişime uyum sağlayarak işlevselliğini korumaları gerekmektedir. Bu noktada uyarlanabilirlik kavramı yapıların ömrünü uzatmanın bir aracı olarak önemli hale gelmektedir.

İnsanoğlu tarih boyunca değişime uyum sağlamanın yollarını aramıştır. Uyarlanabilirlik modern dönemde hızla gelişen kentlerde artan nüfus ve sınırlı kentsel çevre nedeniyle oluşan daha uzun ömürlü ve toplumun farklı ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek yapılar inşa etme ihtiyacı ile dikkat çekmiş olsa da yeni bir kavram değildir. Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler, yapılarda dijital teknolojilerin kullanımını artırmış ve uyarlanabilir tasarım yapmanın çeşitli yolları ve amaçları olduğunu göstermiştir.

Çalışmada gelişen teknolojinin uyarlanabilir yapılar üzerindeki etkilerini görebilmek amacıyla literatür taraması yapılmış, yapı örnekleri seçilmiş ve seçilen yedi yapı uyarlanabilirlik değerlendirme kriterleri bağlamında incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda yapı ve/veya yapı bileşenlerinin manuel olarak uyum sağlayabildiği gibi otomatik olarak da uyum sağlayabildiği gözlenmiştir. Malzeme ve teknolojideki gelişimler yapılarda akıllı yapı bileşenlerinin kullanımı artırmış olsa da evrensel uyarlanabilir tasarımın olamayacağı; her yapının kendine özgü, farklı fonksiyonel özelliklere ve kullanıcı yapısına sahip olduğu sonucuna varılabilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aytac, D. O., Arslan, T. V., Durak, S. (2016). Adaptive Reuse As A Strategy Toward Urban Resilience, European Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4), 523-532. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2016.v5n4p523
  • Brand, S. (1994). How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built. New York: Penguin.
  • Calderon, C., Gillispie, D. (2007). A Framework Towards Designing Responsive Public İnformation Systems. Embodying Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, 767-782. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30870265
  • Estaji, H. (2017). A Review of Flexibility and Adaptability in Housing Design. International Journal of Contemporary Architecture, 4(2), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.14621/tna.20170204
  • Harry, S. (2016). Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelopes – an Innovative and State-of-The-Art Technology, Creative Space, 3(2), 167-184. https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32011
  • Janowski, M. (2022). Kinetic House, Mobility in Shaping The Function And Form Of The Contemporary House, Architectus, 3(67), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.37190/arc210309
  • Konieczna, D. (2018). Modern Trends in the Formation of Adaptive Architecture, Czasopismo Techniczne, 9, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737xct.18.128.8967
  • Kronenburg, R. (2005). Flexible Architecture The Cultural Impact of Responsive Building, Open House International, 30, 59-65.
  • Kronenburg, R. (2007) Flexible: Architecture that Responds to Change. London: Laurence King.
  • Lelieveld, C. M. J. L. Voorbij, A. I. M., Poelman, W. A., ve Candidate, P. D. (2007). Adaptable Architecture, Building Stock Activation, 245-252.
  • Lelieveld, C. M.J. L. (2013). Smart Materials For The Realization Of An Adaptive Building Component, Doctoral Thesis, Delft: Delft University of Technology.
  • Orhon, A. V. (2016). Chapter 39: Adaptive Building Shells, In Developments in Science and Engineering, Sofija: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 555-567. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309741268
  • Roumie, J. (2021). Analytical And Comparative Study On The Design Of Kinetic Facades And Their Daylight Performance İn Buildings, Journal of Manara University, 1(3), 1-16.
  • Russell, P., Moffatt, S. (2001). Assessing Buildings For Adaptability. IEA Annex 31 Energy- Related Environmental Impact of Buildings. International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment, Canada, 1-12.
  • Schnädelbach, H. (2010). Adaptive Architecture–A Conceptual Framework. Proceedings of Geelhaar, J., Eckardt, F., Rudolf, B., Zierold, S, and Markert, M. (Eds.), MediaCity: Interaction of Architecture, Media and Social Phenomena, Weimar, Germany, 523-555.
  • Scuderi, G. (2019). Designing Flexibility And Adaptability: The Answer To İntegrated Residential Building Retrofit, Designs, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Yong Kai, K. (2022). Adaptability and Flexibility in Architecture Concepts & Theories Applied in Residential Architecture to Achieve Adaptability, January, 207-267.
  • URL-1: https://www.etymonline.com/ Erişim tarihi: 30/04/2024, 20:20.
  • URL-2: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/adapt Erişim tarihi: 30/04/2024, 21:22.
  • URL-3: https://www.archdaily.com/28649/bengt-sjostrom-starlight-theatre-studio-gang-architects Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:30.
  • URL-4: https://www.northernarchitecture.us/green-design-2/naked-house.html Erişim tarihi: 1/05/2024, 14:30
  • URL-5: https://archeyes.com/naked-house-shigeru-ban/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:32
  • URL-6: https://www.archdaily.com/546890/adaptable-house-henning-larsen-architects-gxn Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:35
  • URL-7: https://www.architonic.com/en/project/drmm-sliding-house/5103308 Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:38
  • URL-8: https://drmmstudio.com/project/sliding-house/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:39
  • URL-9: https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/08/safe-house-by-robert-konieczny/ Erişim tarihi: 2/05/2024, 13:37
  • URL-10: https://www.archdaily.com/522344/sharifi-ha-house-nextoffice Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 13:30
  • URL-11: https://www.arkitektuel.com/media-tic/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:41
  • URL-12: https://www.electroland.net/enteractive Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:45

Levels of Adaptability in Architecture and a Review through Examples

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 217 - 234, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1478404

Öz

Buildings are constructed to provide benefits and are intended to be used for a long time. The built environment is in a state of constant change due to internal and external causes. Therefore, structures need to maintain their functionality by adapting to change throughout their life cycle. At this point, the concept of adaptability becomes important as a means of extending the life of buildings.

Human beings have been looking for ways to adapt to change throughout history. Adaptability is not a new concept, although it has attracted attention in the modern period with the need to build structures that can meet the different needs of the society and last longer due to the increasing population and limited urban environment in rapidly developing cities. Today, technological developments have increased the use of digital technologies in buildings and have shown that there are various ways and purposes of adaptive design.

In the study, in order to see the effects of developing technology on adaptable buildings, a literature review was conducted, building examples were selected and seven selected buildings were analysed in the context of adaptability evaluation criteria. As a result of the examination, it was observed that the building and/or building components can adapt manually as well as automatically. Although developments in materials and technology have increased the use of smart building components in buildings, it can be concluded that there cannot be a universal adaptable design; each building has its own unique, different functional characteristics and user structure.

Kaynakça

  • Aytac, D. O., Arslan, T. V., Durak, S. (2016). Adaptive Reuse As A Strategy Toward Urban Resilience, European Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4), 523-532. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2016.v5n4p523
  • Brand, S. (1994). How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built. New York: Penguin.
  • Calderon, C., Gillispie, D. (2007). A Framework Towards Designing Responsive Public İnformation Systems. Embodying Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, 767-782. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30870265
  • Estaji, H. (2017). A Review of Flexibility and Adaptability in Housing Design. International Journal of Contemporary Architecture, 4(2), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.14621/tna.20170204
  • Harry, S. (2016). Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelopes – an Innovative and State-of-The-Art Technology, Creative Space, 3(2), 167-184. https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32011
  • Janowski, M. (2022). Kinetic House, Mobility in Shaping The Function And Form Of The Contemporary House, Architectus, 3(67), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.37190/arc210309
  • Konieczna, D. (2018). Modern Trends in the Formation of Adaptive Architecture, Czasopismo Techniczne, 9, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737xct.18.128.8967
  • Kronenburg, R. (2005). Flexible Architecture The Cultural Impact of Responsive Building, Open House International, 30, 59-65.
  • Kronenburg, R. (2007) Flexible: Architecture that Responds to Change. London: Laurence King.
  • Lelieveld, C. M. J. L. Voorbij, A. I. M., Poelman, W. A., ve Candidate, P. D. (2007). Adaptable Architecture, Building Stock Activation, 245-252.
  • Lelieveld, C. M.J. L. (2013). Smart Materials For The Realization Of An Adaptive Building Component, Doctoral Thesis, Delft: Delft University of Technology.
  • Orhon, A. V. (2016). Chapter 39: Adaptive Building Shells, In Developments in Science and Engineering, Sofija: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 555-567. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309741268
  • Roumie, J. (2021). Analytical And Comparative Study On The Design Of Kinetic Facades And Their Daylight Performance İn Buildings, Journal of Manara University, 1(3), 1-16.
  • Russell, P., Moffatt, S. (2001). Assessing Buildings For Adaptability. IEA Annex 31 Energy- Related Environmental Impact of Buildings. International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment, Canada, 1-12.
  • Schnädelbach, H. (2010). Adaptive Architecture–A Conceptual Framework. Proceedings of Geelhaar, J., Eckardt, F., Rudolf, B., Zierold, S, and Markert, M. (Eds.), MediaCity: Interaction of Architecture, Media and Social Phenomena, Weimar, Germany, 523-555.
  • Scuderi, G. (2019). Designing Flexibility And Adaptability: The Answer To İntegrated Residential Building Retrofit, Designs, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Yong Kai, K. (2022). Adaptability and Flexibility in Architecture Concepts & Theories Applied in Residential Architecture to Achieve Adaptability, January, 207-267.
  • URL-1: https://www.etymonline.com/ Erişim tarihi: 30/04/2024, 20:20.
  • URL-2: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/adapt Erişim tarihi: 30/04/2024, 21:22.
  • URL-3: https://www.archdaily.com/28649/bengt-sjostrom-starlight-theatre-studio-gang-architects Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:30.
  • URL-4: https://www.northernarchitecture.us/green-design-2/naked-house.html Erişim tarihi: 1/05/2024, 14:30
  • URL-5: https://archeyes.com/naked-house-shigeru-ban/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:32
  • URL-6: https://www.archdaily.com/546890/adaptable-house-henning-larsen-architects-gxn Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:35
  • URL-7: https://www.architonic.com/en/project/drmm-sliding-house/5103308 Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:38
  • URL-8: https://drmmstudio.com/project/sliding-house/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:39
  • URL-9: https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/08/safe-house-by-robert-konieczny/ Erişim tarihi: 2/05/2024, 13:37
  • URL-10: https://www.archdaily.com/522344/sharifi-ha-house-nextoffice Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 13:30
  • URL-11: https://www.arkitektuel.com/media-tic/ Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:41
  • URL-12: https://www.electroland.net/enteractive Erişim tarihi: 3/05/2024, 14:45
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimari Bilim ve Teknoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Beyza Özengül Aykış 0009-0002-3802-5871

Sonay Ayyıldız 0000-0002-4482-1674

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özengül Aykış, B., & Ayyıldız, S. (2024). Mimarlıkta Uyarlanabilirlik Seviyeleri ve Örnekler Üzerinden Bir İnceleme. Mimarlık Ve Yaşam, 9(2), 217-234. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1478404

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