From Polyphony to "Dual Authorship": Transfictional Voices in Benden’iz James Joyce

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 7, 1 - 19, 30.10.2024

Hilal Erkazancı Durmuş

Öz

This study aims to investigate the role of the fictional translator and reader in Benden’iz James Joyce [It is Me, James Joyce], a transfictional novel penned by Fuat Sevimay as a paratextual commentary on Joyce’s oeuvre. Drawing on the Bakhtinian conception of polyphony, the study first notes that the polyphonic discourse in the novel provides not only the fictional translator but also the fictional reader with a discernible voice, which carries equal weight as Joyce’s own literary voice. Second, the study argues that the concept of “dual authorship” as used by Sevimay serves to indicate significant ethical implications within the field of Translation Studies. Third, the study draws on Roland Barthes’s concept of the “death of the author” in order to explore how Sevimay’s utilization of “Reader-God” may reveal his conception of translatorial agency. The study concludes that transfiction endows translators with a fertile ground through which they can showcase their paratextual and extratextual visibility, thereby emphasizing their agency. Ultimately, the study suggests that transfictional narratives crafted by translators constitute part of translators’ archives that constitute an integral part of microhistorical research within translator studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transfiction , polyphony , translator’s voice , translator’s microhistory , Benden’iz James Joyce

Çokseslilikten “Çifteyazarlığa”: Benden’iz James Joyce Adlı Eserde Çevirikurgusal Sesler

Öz

Bu çalışma, Fuat Sevimay tarafından yazılan ve Joyce’un yapıtlarına yanmetinsel bir bakış açısı getiren Benden’iz James Joyce adlı eserde kurgulanan çevirmen ve okurun rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bakhtin’in çokseslilik kavramından yola çıkan çalışma, romandaki çoksesli söylem sayesinde kurgulanan çevirmen ve okurun, Joyce’un yazınsal sesi ile eşit derecede önem taşıyan bir görünürlüğe sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, ayrıca, romanda kullanılan “çifteyazar” kavramının çeviribilim alanında önemli etik çıkarımlara ışık tutabileceğini belirtmektedir. Roland Barthes’ın “yazarın ölümü” anlayışından yararlanan çalışmada, Sevimay’ın odak noktasını oluşturan “Tanrı-Okur” kavramının çevirmenin eyleyici rolüne ışık tutabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, çevirikurgu eserlerin çevirmenlere yanmetinsel ve metindışı görünürlüklerini sergileyebilecekleri verimli bir zemin hazırladığını ve çevirmenlerin eyleyici rolünü ön plana çıkardığını belirtmektedir. Sonuç olarak, çalışma, çevirmenler tarafından oluşturulan çevirikurgu anlatıların, mikro-tarihsel çevirmen araştırmalarının ayrılmaz bir parçasını oluşturan çevirmen arşivlerine dâhil edilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transfiction , polyphony , translator’s voice , translator’s microhistory , Benden’iz James Joyce

Kaynakça

• Anderson, Jean. “The double agent: aspects of literary translator affect as revealed in fictional work by translators.” Linguistica Antverpiensia 4 (2005): 171–182.
• Arrojo, Rosemary. “Asymmetrical relations of power and the ethics of translation.” TEXTconTEXT 11, no. 1 (1997): 5-24.
• Arrojo, Rosemary. Fictional Translators. Rethinking Translation through Literature. London and New York: Routledge, 2018.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minnesota: Minnesota Press, 1984.
• Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, edited by Vincent B. Leitch, 1322–1326. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Co., 2010.
• Bergantino, Andrea. “Book Review.” Perspectives 31, no. 4 (2023): 762–770.
• Boase-Beier, Jean. Stylistic Approaches to Translation. Routledge, 2014.
• Chamberlain, Lori. “Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation.” Signs 13, no. 3 (1988): 454–72.
• Chesterman, Andrew. “The name and nature of translator studies.” HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 42 (2009): 13–22.
• Delabastita, Dirk, and Rainier Grutman. “Fictional representations of multilingualism and translation.” Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series–Themes in Translation Studies 4 (2005): 11–34.
• Delabastita, Dirk. “Fictional representations.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Sandanha, 109–112. London: Routledge, 2009.
• Guzmán, Constanza. “(re) Visiting the Translator’s Archive: Toward a Genealogy of Translation in the Americas.” Palimpsestes. Revue de traduction, no. 34 (2020): 45–58.
• Hagedorn, Hans Christian. La traducción narrada: el recurso narrativo de la traducción ficticia. Univ de Castilla La Mancha, 2006.
• Hermans, Theo. “The translator’s voice in translated narrative.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (1996): 23–48.
• Hermans, Theo. “Positioning translators: Voices, views and values in translation.” Language and Literature 23, no. 3 (2014): 285–301.
• Holmes, James. “The name and nature of translation studies.” In The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, 172–185. London: Routledge, 2000.
• Johnston, David. “Metaphor and metonymy: The translator-practitioner’s visibility.” In Staging and Performing Translation: Text and Theatre Practice, edited by Roger Baines, Cristina Marinetti, and Manuela Perteghella, 11–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011.
• Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York: Vintage Books, 1990.
• Kaindl, Klaus. “Representation of translators and interpreters.” In Handbook of Translation Studies 3, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 79–84. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014.
• Kaindl, Klaus and Karlheinz Spitzl. Transfiction: Research into the realities of translation fiction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014.
• Koskinen, Kaisa. Beyond Ambivalence: Postmodernity and the Ethics of Translation. Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2000.
• Miletich, Marko. “Dragomans gaining footing: Translators as usurpers in two stories by Rodolfo Walsh and Moacyr Scliar.” Hikma, no. 17 (2018): 175–195.
• Munday, Jeremy. “The role of archival and manuscript research in the investigation of translator decision-making.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (2013): 125–139.
• Munday, Jeremy. “Using primary sources to produce a microhistory of translation and translators: theoretical and methodological concerns.” The Translator 20, no. 1 (2014): 64–80.
• Öztürk, Yakup. “James Joyce Kılavuzu ve İstanbul.” Yeni Şafak, September 15, 2020, https://www.yenisafak.com/hayat/james-joyce-kilavuzu-ve-istanbul-3553175
• Pearce-Moses, Richard. A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2005.
• Pym, Anthony. Method in Translation History. Routledge, 2014.
• Rabaté, Jean-Michel. James Joyce, Authorized Reader. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
• Rundle, Christopher. “Translation and fascism.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Politics, edited by Jonathan Evans and Fruela Fernandez, 29–47. London: Routledge, 2018.
• Schiavi, Giuliana. “There is always a teller in a tale.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (1996): 1–21.
• Sevimay, Fuat. Benden’iz James Joyce. İstanbul: İthaki, 2020.
• Sevimay, Fuat. “Fuat Sevimay: ‘Çevirmenliğime okurların karar vermesi gerekiyordu’.” By Eylül Er, Oggito, November 15, 2018. https://oggito.com/icerikler/fuat-sevimay-cevirmenligime-okurlarin-karar-vermesi-gerekiyordu/63442
• Sevimay, Fuat. “James Joyce İstanbul’da: ‘Edebiyat yeri geldiğinde fevkalade çapulcudur’.” By Canan Aydın, K24 Kitap, August 6, 2020. https://www.k24kitap.org/james-joyce-istanbulda-edebiyat-yeri-geldiginde-fevkalade-capulcudur-2670
• Sevimay, Fuat. “Fuat Sevimay: ‘Yeteneksizlik, ambalajı içinde marifet gibi dolanıyor’.” By Gülşen İşeri, Gazete Duvar, August 3, 2020. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/kitap/2020/08/03/fuat-sevimay-yeteneksizlik-ambalaji-icinde-marifet-gibi-dolaniyor
• Sevimay, Fuat. “Fuat Sevimay: ‘Çeviri de bir nevi yazarlık’.” By Kadir İncesu, Evrensel, September 12, 2021. https://www.evrensel.net/haber/442504/fuat-sevimay-ceviri-de-bir-nevi-yazarlik
• Sevimay, Fuat. “Benden’iz James Joyce.” By Gamze Akdemir, Cumhuriyet, September 13, 2021. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/bendeniz-james-joyce-1867494
• Simeoni, Daniel. “Translating and studying translation: The view from the agent.” Meta 40, no. 3 (1995): 445–460.
• Simeoni, Daniel. “The pivotal status of the translator’s habitus.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 10, no. 1 (1998): 1–39.
• Spitzl, Karlheinz. “A Hitchhiker’s Guide to …What to expect and where to start from.” In Transfiction: Research into the Realities of Translation Fiction, edited by Klaus Kaindl and Karlheinz Spitzl, 27–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2014.
• Pym, Anthony. “Humanizing translation history.” HERMES–Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 42 (2009): 23–48.
• Robinson, Douglas. The Translator’s Turn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
• van Wyke, Ben. “Ethics and translation.” In Handbook of Translation Studies 1, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 111–115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010.
• Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London: Routledge, 1995.
• Vieira, Else Ribeiro Pires. “(In)visibilities in Translation: Exchanging Theoretical and Fictional Perspectives.” ComTextos 6 (1995): 50–68.
• Wakabayashi, Judy. “Fictional representations of author-translator relationships.” Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (2011): 87–102.
• Wilson, Rita. “The fiction of the translator.” Journal of Intercultural Studies 28, no. 4 (2007): 381–395.
• Yıldırım, Turhan. “Benden’iz James Joyce.” Kitap Haber, September 19, 2022. https://www.kitaphaber.com.tr/bendeniz-james-joyce-fuat-sevimay-k5046.html