Do adolescents with high cognitive flexibility feel less lonely? A latent profile analysis of cognitive flexibility in adolescents

Öz

Adolescence is a period when loneliness is salient. Loneliness, in turn, gives rise to maladaptive cognitions and interpersonal behaviors, perpetuating a cycle of increased loneliness. Studies indicate that cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to choose and employ a variety of alternative perspectives and solutions (i.e., coping strategies) in accordance with changing contextual demands, may significantly contribute to adaptive responding to loneliness. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether different cognitive flexibility profiles of adolescents differ in terms of loneliness and coping strategies. Turkish high school students (N=437, 57% males), aged 14-17 years (M= 16.25, SD=0.92) completed a self-report survey. Analyses revealed three distinct cognitive flexibility profiles (high, moderate and low CF). While the profiles were linearly ordered in terms of considering alternative perspectives and solutions, we found that the members of low cognitive flexibility profile (LCF) had a higher level of control in dealing with challenges than the members of moderate CF. The results suggest that the members of MCF continue to frequently use approach strategies, including problem-solving, despite having low perceived control. Additionally, we explored that sex and primary source of social support predicted different profiles. MCF profile is more commonly found in females, whereas the members of LCF report peers or significant others (vs. family) as their primary source of support. Our conclusion is that enhancing family support and cognitive flexibility can serve as preventive measures against loneliness and related issues in adolescents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Loneliness
• cognitive flexibility
• coping strategies
• social support
• adolescence
• latent profile analysis

Bilişsel esnekliği yüksek olan ergenler kendilerini daha az mı yalnız hissediyor? Ergenlerin bilişsel esnekliğine ilişkin bir latent profil analizi

Öz

Ergenlik dönemi yalnızlığın belirgin olduğu bir dönemdir. Yalnızlık da uyumsuz bilişlere ve kişilerarası davranışlara yol açarak yalnızlığın arttığı bir döngüyü devam ettirir. Araştırmalar, değişen bağlamsal taleplere uygun olarak çeşitli alternatif bakış açıları ve çözümleri seçme ve kullanma yeteneği olarak tanımlanan bilişsel esnekliğin, yalnızlığa adaptif yanıt vermeye önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, ergenlerin bilişsel esneklik profillerinin yalnızlık ve başa çıkma stratejileri açısından farklılık gösterip göstermediğini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yaşları 14-17 arasında değişen (x ̅= 16.25, ss=0.92) 437 lise öğrencisi (%57 erkek) öz bildirime dayalı anketi doldurmuştur. Analizler üç farklı bilişsel esneklik profili (yüksek, orta ve düşük BE) ortaya koymuştur. Alternatif bakış açılarını ve çözümleri dikkate alma açısından profiller doğrusal olarak sıralanırken, düşük bilişsel esneklik profiline (DBE) sahip üyelerin zorluklarla başa çıkmada OBE üyelerine göre daha yüksek bir kontrol düzeyine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, OBE üyelerinin düşük algılanan kontrole sahip olmalarına rağmen, problem çözme de dahil olmak üzere yaklaşım stratejilerini sıklıkla kullanmaya devam ettiklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, cinsiyet ve birincil sosyal destek kaynağının farklı profilleri yordayıp yordamadığını inceledik. OBE profili kızlarda daha yaygın olarak bulunurken, DBE üyeleri akranlarını veya önemli diğerlerini (aileye karşı) birincil destek kaynağı olarak bildirmektedir. Sonuç olarak, aile desteğinin ve bilişsel esnekliğin artırılması, ergenlerde yalnızlık ve ilgili sorunlara karşı önleyici tedbirler olarak hizmet edebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yalnızlık
• bilişsel esneklik
• başa çıkma stratejileri
• sosyal destek
• ergenlik
• latent profil analizi

Kaynakça

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