Hibrit Okul Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 121 - 140, 30.06.2024
Ercan Yilmaz
,
Abdullah Aktürk
,
Süleyman Alpaslan Sulak
Öz
Bu çalışmada okulların hibrit okul olma özelliklerini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmek istenmiştir. Ölçeğin geliştirilme sürecinde toplam 727 öğretmenden farklı çalışma grupları ile çalışılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonrasında ölçeğin iki alt boyuttan oluştuğu ortaya çıkmış ve bu boyutlar literatür ışığında hibrit öğretim hizmeti ve hibrit yapı olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin maddelerine ait faktör yüklerinin 0.61 ile 0.75 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ölçeğin kabul edilebilir uyuma sahip olduğunu da ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirliği için hibrit öğretim hizmetlerinde 0,87, hibrit yapıda 0,89 ve ölçeğin tamamında 0,91 olarak hesaplanan Cronbach Alpha kat sayısı, ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin kararlı ölçümler yapıp yapmadığının belirlenmesi için test tekrar test yöntemi kullanılmış ve kararlı ölçümler yaptığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçüt geçerliliğinin tespiti için de korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmış, ölçeğin ölçüt geçerliğine sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Acuna, E., & Rodriguez, C. (2004). The Treatment Of Missing Values And İts Effect On Classifier Accuracy. In Classification, Clustering, And Data Mining Applications: Proceedings Of The Meeting Of The International Federation Of Classification Societies (IFCS), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 15–18 July 2004 (pp. 639-647). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
- Bervell, B., Umar, I. N., Kumar, J. A., Asante Somuah, B., ve Arkorful, V. (2021). Blended Learning Acceptance Scale (BLAS) in Distance Higher Education: Toward an Initial Development and Validation. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040073
- Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2011). Quantitative Data Analysis With IBM SPSS 17, 18 And 19. Routledge.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Pegem Yayınları.
- Cardoso, A. M., Hashimoto, M., & de Castro Krakauer, P. V. (2019). Innovations on Entrepreneurial Teaching and Learning: Lessons from the Hybrid Schools. In United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings (No. 1, pp. 7-14). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
- Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic press.
- Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). Interpretation and Application of Factor Analytic Results. In A. L. Comrey, & H. B. Lee (Eds.), A First Course in Factor Analysis (p. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates.
- DeVon, H. A., Block, M. E., Moyle-Wright, P., Ernst, D. M., Hayden, S. J., Lazzara, D. J., et al. (2007). A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x
- EdChoice. (2020). The ABCs of school choice: The comprehensive guide to every private school choice program in America. 2020 Edition. https://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2020-ABCs-of-School-Choice-WEB-OPTIMIZED.pdf
- Ekici, F., Ekici, E., Ekici, F. T., & Kara, İ. (2012). Öğretmenlere yönelik bilişim teknolojileri öz-yeterlik algısı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(31), 53-65.
- Evans, R. H. (1996). An analysis of criterion variable reliability in conjoint analysis. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 82(3), 988-990.
- Gonzales S. (2021, July 27). Four Myths of Virtual and Hybrid Learning. https://www.strongmind.com/four-myths-of-virtual-and-hybrid-learning/
- Harris, D. N., & Larsen, M. (2015). What schools do families want (and why). Policy Brief (New Orleans, LA: Education Research Alliance for New Orleans.
- Holt, J. (2022). Why Students Chose Virtual or Hybrid Schools after the Pandemic [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation], University of Kansas.
- Horn, M. B. (2015). The rise of micro-schools: combinations of private, blended, and at-home schooling meet needs of individual students. Education Next, 15(3), 77+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A424457376/AONE?u=anon~c06336d6&sid=googleScholar&xid=8f9065b2
- Hroncich, C., (2022). Friday Feature: Hybrid Schooling, Cato Institute. United States of America. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2426540/friday-feature/3448143/ on 28 Aug 2023. CID: 20.500.12592/09fr9j.
- Jacopson L. (2023, June 23). What is a hybrid school anyway? https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/hybrid-blended-learning/
- Karataş, İ., & Öksüz Gül, F. (2020). Eğitim ve Okulun Değişen Bağlamı. Nobel Yayıncılık
- Kelly, J. P., & Scafidi, B. (2013). More than scores: An analysis of why and how parents choose private schools. Indianapolis, IN: The friedman foundation for educational choice. https://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/More-Than-Scores.pdf
- Lane, D. G. (2017). The development of a survey instrument to measure transactional distance in secondary blended learning environments [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation], Concordia University.
- Martin-Chang, S., Gould, O. N., & Meuse, R. E. (2011). The impact of schooling on academic achievement: Evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 43(3), 195.
- McShane, M. Q. (2021). Hybrid homeschooling: A guide to the future of education. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Medlin, R. G. (2013). Homeschooling and the question of socialization revisited. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(3), 284-297.
- Meltzer, L. J., Saletin, J. M., Honaker, S. M., Owens, J. A., Seixas, A., Wahlstrom, K. L., ... & Carskadon, approaches (in-person, online, hybrid), school start times, and sleep in over 5,000 US adolescents. Sleep, 44(12).
- Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Detay Yayıncılık.
- Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
- Murphy, J. (2012). Homeschooling in America: Capturing and assessing the movement. Corwin Press.
- Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage.
- Rainie, L. (2010). Internet, broadband, and cell phone statistics. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2010/01/05/internet-broadband-and-cell-phone-statistics/
- Ray, B. D. (2013). Homeschooling associated with beneficial learner and societal outcomes but educators do not promote it. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(3), 324-341.
- Ray, B. D. (2015). African American homeschool parents’ motivations for homeschooling and their Black children’s academic achievement. Journal of School Choice, 9(1), 71-96.
- Ray, B. D. (2017). A systematic review of the empirical research on selected aspects of homeschooling as a school choice. Journal of School Choice, 11(4), 604-621.
- Schumacker, R. E. ve Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner's Guide To Structural Equation Modeling. Psychology Press.
- Staker, H., & Horn, M. B. (2012). Classifying K–12 blended learning. https://www.christenseninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Classifying-K-12-blended-learning.pdf
- Stewart, T., & Wolf, P. (2016). The school choice journey: School vouchers and the empowerment of urban families. Springer.
- Strongmind (2022). What is a hybrid school? https://www.strongmind.com/
- Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Walne, M. B. (2012). Emerging blended-learning models and school profiles. Houston: Community Foundation. https://www.edustart.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/
Emerging+BL+Models+and+School+Profiles+FINAL+09.21.12.pdf
- Watson, A. R. (2021). Two new books on new schools—Hybrid homeschooling. Journal Of School Choice. 15(2), 295-297
- Wearne, E. (2016). “A descriptive survey of why parents choose hybrid homeschools.” Journal of School Choice, 10(3), 364-380.
- Wearne, E. (2017). University-model schools: A survey of families in five states. Home School Researcher, 33(3), 2-11.
- Wearne, E. (2020). Defining hybrid homeschools in America: Little platoons. Lexington Books.
- Wearne, E. (2021). Hybrid homeschools: Organization, regulatory environments and reactions to COVID-19. Journal of Pedagogy/Pedagogický Casopis, 12(1). 99-118
- Wearne, E., & Thompson, J. (2022). Natıonal Hybrıd Schools Survey 2022. Kennesaw State University. https://www.kennesaw.edu/coles/centers/education-economics-center/docs/hybrid-schools-annual-report-2022.pdf
Hybrid School Scale Validity and Reliability Study
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 121 - 140, 30.06.2024
Ercan Yilmaz
,
Abdullah Aktürk
,
Süleyman Alpaslan Sulak
Öz
In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure the characteristics of schools as hybrid schools. In the process of developing the scale, different study groups from a total of 727 teachers were studied. The construct validity of the scale was determined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. After the exploratory factor analysis, it was revealed that the scale consisted of two sub-dimensions and these dimensions were named as hybrid teaching service and hybrid structure in the light of the literature. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor loadings of the items of the scale ranged between 0.61 and 0.75. Confirmatory factor analysis also revealed that the scale had an acceptable fit. For the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient calculated as 0.87 for hybrid instructional services, 0.89 for hybrid structure and 0.91 for the whole scale shows that the scale is reliable. The test-retest method was used to determine whether the scale made stable measurements and it was found that it made stable measurements. In addition, correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the criterion validity and it was revealed that the scale has criterion validity.
Kaynakça
- Acuna, E., & Rodriguez, C. (2004). The Treatment Of Missing Values And İts Effect On Classifier Accuracy. In Classification, Clustering, And Data Mining Applications: Proceedings Of The Meeting Of The International Federation Of Classification Societies (IFCS), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 15–18 July 2004 (pp. 639-647). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
- Bervell, B., Umar, I. N., Kumar, J. A., Asante Somuah, B., ve Arkorful, V. (2021). Blended Learning Acceptance Scale (BLAS) in Distance Higher Education: Toward an Initial Development and Validation. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040073
- Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2011). Quantitative Data Analysis With IBM SPSS 17, 18 And 19. Routledge.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Pegem Yayınları.
- Cardoso, A. M., Hashimoto, M., & de Castro Krakauer, P. V. (2019). Innovations on Entrepreneurial Teaching and Learning: Lessons from the Hybrid Schools. In United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings (No. 1, pp. 7-14). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
- Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic press.
- Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). Interpretation and Application of Factor Analytic Results. In A. L. Comrey, & H. B. Lee (Eds.), A First Course in Factor Analysis (p. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates.
- DeVon, H. A., Block, M. E., Moyle-Wright, P., Ernst, D. M., Hayden, S. J., Lazzara, D. J., et al. (2007). A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x
- EdChoice. (2020). The ABCs of school choice: The comprehensive guide to every private school choice program in America. 2020 Edition. https://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2020-ABCs-of-School-Choice-WEB-OPTIMIZED.pdf
- Ekici, F., Ekici, E., Ekici, F. T., & Kara, İ. (2012). Öğretmenlere yönelik bilişim teknolojileri öz-yeterlik algısı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(31), 53-65.
- Evans, R. H. (1996). An analysis of criterion variable reliability in conjoint analysis. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 82(3), 988-990.
- Gonzales S. (2021, July 27). Four Myths of Virtual and Hybrid Learning. https://www.strongmind.com/four-myths-of-virtual-and-hybrid-learning/
- Harris, D. N., & Larsen, M. (2015). What schools do families want (and why). Policy Brief (New Orleans, LA: Education Research Alliance for New Orleans.
- Holt, J. (2022). Why Students Chose Virtual or Hybrid Schools after the Pandemic [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation], University of Kansas.
- Horn, M. B. (2015). The rise of micro-schools: combinations of private, blended, and at-home schooling meet needs of individual students. Education Next, 15(3), 77+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A424457376/AONE?u=anon~c06336d6&sid=googleScholar&xid=8f9065b2
- Hroncich, C., (2022). Friday Feature: Hybrid Schooling, Cato Institute. United States of America. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2426540/friday-feature/3448143/ on 28 Aug 2023. CID: 20.500.12592/09fr9j.
- Jacopson L. (2023, June 23). What is a hybrid school anyway? https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/hybrid-blended-learning/
- Karataş, İ., & Öksüz Gül, F. (2020). Eğitim ve Okulun Değişen Bağlamı. Nobel Yayıncılık
- Kelly, J. P., & Scafidi, B. (2013). More than scores: An analysis of why and how parents choose private schools. Indianapolis, IN: The friedman foundation for educational choice. https://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/More-Than-Scores.pdf
- Lane, D. G. (2017). The development of a survey instrument to measure transactional distance in secondary blended learning environments [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation], Concordia University.
- Martin-Chang, S., Gould, O. N., & Meuse, R. E. (2011). The impact of schooling on academic achievement: Evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 43(3), 195.
- McShane, M. Q. (2021). Hybrid homeschooling: A guide to the future of education. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Medlin, R. G. (2013). Homeschooling and the question of socialization revisited. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(3), 284-297.
- Meltzer, L. J., Saletin, J. M., Honaker, S. M., Owens, J. A., Seixas, A., Wahlstrom, K. L., ... & Carskadon, approaches (in-person, online, hybrid), school start times, and sleep in over 5,000 US adolescents. Sleep, 44(12).
- Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Detay Yayıncılık.
- Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
- Murphy, J. (2012). Homeschooling in America: Capturing and assessing the movement. Corwin Press.
- Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage.
- Rainie, L. (2010). Internet, broadband, and cell phone statistics. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2010/01/05/internet-broadband-and-cell-phone-statistics/
- Ray, B. D. (2013). Homeschooling associated with beneficial learner and societal outcomes but educators do not promote it. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(3), 324-341.
- Ray, B. D. (2015). African American homeschool parents’ motivations for homeschooling and their Black children’s academic achievement. Journal of School Choice, 9(1), 71-96.
- Ray, B. D. (2017). A systematic review of the empirical research on selected aspects of homeschooling as a school choice. Journal of School Choice, 11(4), 604-621.
- Schumacker, R. E. ve Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner's Guide To Structural Equation Modeling. Psychology Press.
- Staker, H., & Horn, M. B. (2012). Classifying K–12 blended learning. https://www.christenseninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Classifying-K-12-blended-learning.pdf
- Stewart, T., & Wolf, P. (2016). The school choice journey: School vouchers and the empowerment of urban families. Springer.
- Strongmind (2022). What is a hybrid school? https://www.strongmind.com/
- Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Walne, M. B. (2012). Emerging blended-learning models and school profiles. Houston: Community Foundation. https://www.edustart.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/
Emerging+BL+Models+and+School+Profiles+FINAL+09.21.12.pdf
- Watson, A. R. (2021). Two new books on new schools—Hybrid homeschooling. Journal Of School Choice. 15(2), 295-297
- Wearne, E. (2016). “A descriptive survey of why parents choose hybrid homeschools.” Journal of School Choice, 10(3), 364-380.
- Wearne, E. (2017). University-model schools: A survey of families in five states. Home School Researcher, 33(3), 2-11.
- Wearne, E. (2020). Defining hybrid homeschools in America: Little platoons. Lexington Books.
- Wearne, E. (2021). Hybrid homeschools: Organization, regulatory environments and reactions to COVID-19. Journal of Pedagogy/Pedagogický Casopis, 12(1). 99-118
- Wearne, E., & Thompson, J. (2022). Natıonal Hybrıd Schools Survey 2022. Kennesaw State University. https://www.kennesaw.edu/coles/centers/education-economics-center/docs/hybrid-schools-annual-report-2022.pdf