İnsani Müdahale, Koruma Sorumluluğu ve İnsanların İnsani Müdahalesi: Bir Doğal Hukuk Yaklaşımı

Öz

İnsani müdahale müessesi, modern uluslararası hukukta kuvvet kullanma yasağının istisnası, egemen devletlerin iç işlerine müdahale etmeme yasağının ve devlet egemenliğinin muarızıdır. İster modern uluslararası hukuk içinde kabul edilsin, ister ona aykırı olduğu iddia edilsin, ister koruma sorumluluğu gibi başka tezler içinde yeniden yazılsın, insani müdahale müessesesi doğal hukuktan kaynaklanan bir hak ve görev olduğu için yeri geldikçe gündeme gelmeye devam edecektir. Bu çalışmada insani müdahale müessesesi, ona yapılan temel itirazlar, devlet uygulamaları ve uluslararası teamül tartışmalarıyla birlikte ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, koruma sorumluluğu da dahil olmak üzere, insani müdahalenin geçirdiği dönüşümleri açıklamaktadır. Koruma sorumluluğu kendi halkını koruma sorumluluğunu taşımakta aciz veya isteksiz olan devletler için öngörülmüştür. Buna mukabil süregiden insani krizlere, hatta soykırıma, müdahale etmekte aciz ya da isteksiz davranan devletlerden oluşan uluslararası topluluk yerine kim harekete geçecektir? Bu makale bu soruya cevap olarak, devletlerin insani müdahalesinden insanların insani müdahalesine nasıl varıldığını Sumud Filosu örneği üzerinden ve doğal hukuktaki kökeniyle birlikte ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsani müdahale
• Koruma sorumluluğu
• Sumud Filosu
• İnsanların insani müdahalesi
• İnsani krizler.

Humanitarian Intervention, Responsibility to Protect and Humanitarian Intervention by People: A Natural Law Approach

Öz

The institution of humanitarian intervention stands as an exception to the prohibition on the use of force in modern international law and as an antithesis to both the principle of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of sovereign states and to the very notion of sovereignty itself. Whether it is accepted within the framework of contemporary international law, deemed to be in contravention of it, or rearticulated under alternative doctrines such as the responsibility to protect, humanitarian intervention (as a right and duty grounded in natural law) will continue to resurface whenever circumstances demand. This study examines the institution of humanitarian intervention alongside the principal objections raised against it, the relevant state practices, and the evolving customary norms. It elucidates the transformations the concept has undergone, including its metamorphosis into the doctrine of the responsibility to protect. The responsibility to protect was conceived for states that are either unable or unwilling to safeguard their own populations. Yet, in the face of ongoing humanitarian crises (and even genocide) if the international community, composed of states, remains equally unable or unwilling to act, who then shall assume the mantle of responsibility? This article seeks to answer that question by tracing the evolution from humanitarian intervention by states to humanitarian intervention by people, illustrated through the example of the Sumud Flotilla and grounded in its natural law origins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Humanitarian intervention
• Responsibility to protect
• Sumud Flotilla
• Humanitarian intervention by people
• Humanitarian crises.

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