Effects of Size Grading and Large Individuals on Growing Performance of Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ X Oreochromis aureus♂) Fry

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of size grading and large individuals on the growing performance of small individuals of hybrid tilapia fry produced by crossbreeding broodstock of Oreochromis niloticus♀ and Oreochromis aureus♂. The 0 age 1.00g hybrid fry which have not completed the larval period were stocked as 50 fry/m³ in 1 m³ cages placed in a pond and cultured for 60 days. The test group comprises three groups, one graded group consisting of only small individuals and two mixed groups consisting of 50%and 75%small individuals respectively. After the trial it was observed that the growing of the graded group (26.36±0.51g) is better than the small individuals of the mixed groups. The daily average weight gain (0.42±0.01g/day), specific growth ratio (5.45±0.03 %/day) and proportional weight increase (2537.86±48.23%) of the graded group were found to be higher than the small individuals of the mixed groups. The food conversion ratio of the three groups were similar to each other (p<0,05). It was determined that the size grading has no effect on feed conversion ratio. Consequently it was observed that size grading has a positive effect on growing performance of hybrid tilapia fry in cage culture condition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hybrid Tilapia, Size Grading, Aquaculture

Boylamanın Ve Büyük Bireylerin Melez Tilapia (O.Niloticus ♀ × O.Aureus♂) Yavrularının Büyüme Performansına Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Oreochromis niloticus♀ ve Oreochromis aureus♂ damızlıklarının çiftleştirilmesinden elde edilen melez tilapia yavrularında boylamanın ve büyük bireylerin küçük bireylerin büyüme performansına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Henüz larva aşamasını tamamlamamış olan 0 yaş yaklaşık 1,00 gr lık melez yavrular havuz içerisine yerleştirilen 1 m³ lük kafeslere 50 adet/ m³ stoklanmış ve 60 gün boyunca yetiştirilmiştir. Deneme grupları, tamamı küçük bireylerden oluşan boylanmış bir grup, %50 si ve %75 i küçük olan iki karışık gruptan oluşmuştur. Deneme sonunda boylanmış grubun (26,36±0,51), karışık gruplardaki küçük bireylerden daha iyi büyüdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Boylanmış grubun günlük canlı ağırlık kazancı (0,42±0,01), spesifik büyüme oranı (5,45±0,03), oransal ağırlık artışı (2537,86±48,23%) karışık gruplardaki küçük bireylere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Yem değerlendirme oranında ise üç grupta da birbirine yakın değerler saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Boylamanın yem değerlendirme oranına herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.  Sonuç olarak boylamanın kafes ortamında melez tilapia yavrularının büyüme performansı üzerine pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melez Tilapia, Boylama, Yetiştiricilik

Kaynakça

1. Roderick.E., 1997. “Simple sex culture of tilapia using YY male technology”. Fish Farmer International File.Vol.11, No.3 May. June .
2. Purdom, C.E., “Variation in Fish. In: Sea Fisheries Research (ed. F.R. Harden Jones) Elek”. Science: London, pp. 347–355, 1974.
3. Sunde, L.M., Imsland, A.K., Folkvord, A. ve Stefansson, S.O., “Effects of Size Grading on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Turbot at Two Temperatures”. Aquaculture Int. 6,19–32, 1998. Gunnes, K., “Effect of Size Grading Young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) on Subsequent Growth”. Aquaculture; Vol.9, No:4, pp.381–386, 1976.
4. Huet, M., Textbook of Fish Culture, Bre-eding and Cultivation of Fish, 2nd edition. Fishing News Books 438. Farnham, Surrey, Great Britain, (1986).
5. Lambert, Y., Dutil, J.D., “ Food İntake and Growth of Adult Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Reared Under Different Conditions of Stocking Density, Feeding Frequency and Size-Grading”. Aquaculture Vol.192, no 2-4 pp.233-247, 2001.
6. Brown, M.E., “ The Growth of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Linn.). I. Factors Influencing The Growth of Trout Fry”. Journal of Experimental Biology ; 22, 118–129, 1946.
7. Magnuson, J.J., “ An Analysis of Aggres-sive Behavior, Growth, and Space in Meda-kes Oryzias latipes”, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40: 313-363. doi:10.1139/z62-029, (1962).
8. Jobling, M., “Physiological and Social Constraints on Growth of Fish with Special Reference to Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus L”. Aquaculture; 44, 83–90, 1985.

9. Jobling, M., “Simple Indices for the Assessment of the Influences of Social Environment on Growth Performance, Exemplified by Studies on Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) ”. Aquaculture Int; 3, 60-65, 1995. Koebele, B.P., “Growth and the Size Hierarchy Effect: An Experimental Assessment of Three Proposed Mechanisms; Activity Differences, Disproportional Food Acquisition, Physiological Stress”. Environmental Biology of Fishes 12, 181–188, 1985
10. Baardvik, B.M., Jobling, M., “Effect of Size-sorting on Biomass Gain and Indivi-dual Growth Rates in Arctic Charr, Salveli-nus alpinus L., ” Aquaculture, 90: 11–16. doi:10.1016/00448486(90)90278-U, 1990.
11. Dikel,S., Alev,V., “ İkinci Ürün Olarak Tilapia Yetiştiriciliği. Tilapia Yetiştiriciliği” Dikel,S (Edt). T.C. Tarım ve Köy işleri Bakanlığı.Tarımsal Üretim Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü. ANKARA.s. 149-156, 2009.
12. Matsui, I., “Theory and Practice of Eel Culture”. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1980.
13. Wankowskı, J.W.J. ve Thorpe, J.E., “The Role of Food Particle Size in the Growth of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. ” J. Fish Biol.; 14, 351–370, 1979
14. Knights, B., “Food Particle-size Preferences and Feeding Behavior in Warm Water Aquaculture of European eel Anguilla anguilla L. ” . Aquaculture 30, 173–190, 1983
15. Goldan, O. Popper, D. Kolkovski, S., Karplus, I., “Management of Size Variation in Juvenile Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus au-rata): II. Dry Food Type and Live/Dry Food Ratio”, Aquaculture, 165: 313-320. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00270-1, (1998).
16. Gunnes, K., “Effect of Size Grading Yo-ung Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on Sub-sequent Growth, Aquaculture”, 9: 381-386. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(76)90079-X, 1976.
17. Mgaya, Y.D. ve Mercer, J.P., “The Effects of Size Grading and Stocking Density on Growth Performance of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis tuberculata Linneaus”. Aquaculture,136 ; 297-312, 19 Jobling, M., Reinsnes, T.G., “Effect of Sorting on Size-frequency Distributions and Growth of Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., ” Aquaculture, 60: 27-31. doi:10.1016/00448486(87)90355-3, 1987
18. Kamstra, A., “The Effect of Size-grading on Individual Growth in Eel, Anguilla anguilla, Measured by Individual Marking”. Aquaculture;112, 67–77, 1993.
19. Carmichael, G.J., “Effects of Size-grading on Variation and Growth in Channel Catfish Reared at Similar Densities”, Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 25: 101-108. doi:10.1111/j.1749731994.tb00809.x, 1994.
20. Qin, J.G., Ingerson, T., Geddes, M.C., Kumar, M. ve Clarke, S., “Size Grading Did Not Enhance Growth, Survival and Production of Marron Cherax tenuimanus in Experimental Cages”. Aquaculture;195; 239–251, 2001.
21. Dikel,S., Eroldoğan,O.T., ÖZ,M., “Boylama ve Büyük Balıkların Alabalıklarda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Büyüme Performansına Etkileri”. II. Ulusal Alabalık Sempozyumu.06-08 Temmuz 2010. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, 2010.
22. Saoud,I.P., Davis, D.A., Roy, L.A., Phelps, R.P., “Evaluating the Benefits of Size-Sorting Tilapia Fry Before Stocking. Journal of Applied Aquaculture”, 17:4, 73-85, 2005. Ghanawi, J. ve Saoud, I.P., “Effect of Size Sorting on Growth Performance of Juvenile Spinefoot Rabbitfish”, Siganus rivulatus Journal of The World Aquaculture Society; Vol.41, No:4, 2010.
23. Dikel, S., “Su Ürünlerinde Boylamanın Önemi”. Journal of Fisheries Sciences.com. 5(3):2502 2011
24. Dikel, S., Alev, M.V., Kiriş, G.A. ve Kumlu, M., “Growth and Yield of Two Tilapia Species Tilapia zillii and Tilapia rendalli Raised In Floating Cages In Seyhan Dam Lake”. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17, (2):93-98, 2002.
25. Tidwell, H.J., Coyle, S.D., Vanarnum, A. Bright, L.A., Weıbel, C., “The Effects of Size Grading and Lenght of Nursery Period on Growth and Population Structure of Freshwater Prawns Stocked in Temperate Zone Ponds with Added Substrates”. Aquaculture, 218, 209-218, 2003.