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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 - ENAR Özel Sayı, 64 - 78, 15.10.2019

Hasan Yılmaz Naiyer Gheshlagh Sofla Ayşegül Aksu

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.569013
Cited By: 1

Öz



 

Due to increasing
urbanization, the importance of open-green areas in cities is increasing in
functional, ecological, aesthetic, economic and socio-cultural terms. In recent
times, the emergence of public garden applications is seen to be very useful in
terms of increasing urban open-green areas. However, there is a need for unique
urban designs that are in tune with the natural and cultural resources of the
cities and open to use all year round. The city of Erzurum is particularly
privileged due to the extreme conditions that occur with high altitude.
Therefore, new approaches are needed outside of the classical understanding in
both structural and vegetative designs and applications. The applications of
open-green areas available in the

city as flexible and
convertible throughout the year are not sufficient. For this reason, public
outdoor spaces that are easily accessible, cheap, year-round, comfortable,
safe, active and passive recreation opportunities in our cities with extreme
climatic conditions such as Erzurum should be handled with a new understanding.
In this study, the concept of closed landscaping was emphasized for the first
time as a new concept for Erzurum, which is intended to be a model for our
region and our country by evaluating the transformable indoor landscapes with
few examples in the world. As a result of this study, an architectural model
was created for this purpose. In the complex, which will bring brand value and
provide recreational opportunities to the city people, the complex will be
supported by open-green areas, ice museum, mini arberatum (plant museum), local
handicrafts museum and gastronomy. It is aimed to use the complex, light-green
areas defined for the first time as the concept of "Landscape 12"
throughout the year. This original structure, which will constitute the first
example of the indoor landscape application in our country, will not only meet
the recreational demands of the urban people, but will also contribute to the
diversification of the city's tourism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Indoor landscaping Year-round landscape Erzurum New open-green area approach

Kaynakça

  • [1] Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., & Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585-590.
  • [2] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population DivisionWorld Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, CD-ROM Edition United Nations (2014) ([Internet], [cited 2017 Jun 20]). Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/
  • [3] Yan, H., Wu, F., & Dong, L. (2018). Influence of a large urban park on the local urban thermal environment. Science of The Total Environment, 622, 882-891.
  • [4] Bridgman, H. A., Warner, R. F., & Dodson, J. R. (1995). Urban biophysical environments. Oxford University Press.
  • [5] Decker, E. H., Elliott, S., Smith, F. A., Blake, D. R., & Rowland, F. S. (2000). Energy and material flow through the urban ecosystem. Annual review of energy and the environment, 25(1), 685-740.
  • [6] Patz, J. A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., & Foley, J. A. (2005). Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature, 438(7066), 310.
  • [7] Kolokotroni, M., Giannitsaris, I., & Watkins, R. (2006). The effect of the London urban heat island on building summer cooling demand and night ventilation strategies. Solar Energy, 80(4), 383-392.
  • [8] Sarrat, C., Lemonsu, A., Masson, V., & Guedalia, D. (2006). Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 40(10), 1743-1758.
  • [9] Grimmond, S. (2007). Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming. Geographical Journal, 173(1), 83-88.
  • [10] Tan, J., Zheng, Y., Tang, X., Guo, C., Li, L., Song, G., ... & Chen, H. (2010). The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai. International journal of biometeorology, 54(1), 75-84.
  • [11] Oliveira, S., Andrade, H., & Vaz, T. (2011). The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and environment, 46(11), 2186-2194.
  • [12] Chen, K., Zhou, L., Chen, X., Ma, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, L., ... & Kinney, P. L. (2016). Urbanization level and vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Jiangsu Province, China. Environmental health perspectives, 124(12), 1863-1869.
  • [13] Jonsson, P. (2004). Vegetation as an urban climate control in the subtropical city of Gaborone, Botswana. International journal of climatology, 24(10), 1307-1322.
  • [14] Potchter, O., Cohen, P., & Bitan, A. (2006). Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel. International journal of climatology, 26(12), 1695-1711.
  • [15] Yu, C., & Hien, W. N. (2006). Thermal benefits of city parks. Energy and buildings, 38(2), 105-120.
  • [16] Lafortezza, R., Carrus, G., Sanesi, G., & Davies, C. (2009). Benefits and well-being perceived by people visiting green spaces in periods of heat stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 8(2), 97-108.
  • [17] Zoulia, I., Santamouris, M., & Dimoudi, A. (2009). Monitoring the effect of urban green areas on the heat island in Athens. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 156(1-4), 275.
  • [18] Georgi, J. N., & Dimitriou, D. (2010). The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities: Case study of Chania, Greece. Building and environment, 45(6), 1401-1414.
  • [19] Yılmaz, H., Irmak, M.A., 2012. Yerleşke Planlamasında Bitkisel Tasarım İlkeleri; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 192, Erzurum.
  • [20] Breuste, J., Haase, D., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). Urban landscapes and ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in agricultural and urban landscapes, 83-104.
  • [21] McPherson, E. G., & Simpson, J. R. (2003). Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2(2), 73-86.
  • [22] Wang, Z. (2006). A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin. Building and Environment, 41(8), 1034-1039.
  • [23] Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E & Stevens, J.C., 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 4;115-123.
  • [24] Öztürk, S. (2013). Kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların yaşam kalitesine etkisi “Kastamonu Örneği”. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 109-116.
  • [25] Bolund, P., & Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological economics, 29(2), 293-301.
  • [26] Nilsson, M. E., & Berglund, B. (2006). Soundscape quality in suburban green areas and city parks. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 92(6), 903-911.
  • [27] Özer, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H., (2008). Determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of Pinus slyvestris L. and Populus nigra L. İn Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.
  • [28] Verheij, R. A., Maas, J., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2008). Urban—rural health differences and the availability of green space. European Urban and Regional Studies, 15(4), 307-316.
  • [29] Dhingra, S. S., Strine, T. W., Holt, J. B., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Rural-urban variations in psychological distress: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007. International Journal of Public Health, 54(1), 16-22.
  • [30] Lambert, K. G., Nelson, R. J., Jovanovic, T., & Cerdá, M. (2015). Brains in the city: neurobiological effects of urbanization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 58, 107-122.
  • [31] Beckett, K. P., Freer-Smith, P. H., & Taylor, G. (1998). Urban woodlands: their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution. Environmental pollution, 99(3), 347-360.[32] Upmanis, H., Eliasson, I., & Andersson-Sköld, Y. (2001). Case studies of the spatial variation of benzene and toluene concentrations in parks and adjacent built-up areas. Water, air, and soil pollution, 129(1-4), 61-81.
  • [33] Dimoudi, A., & Nikolopoulou, M. (2003). Vegetation in the urban environment: microclimatic analysis and benefits. Energy and buildings, 35(1), 69-76.
  • [34] Fang, C. F., & Ling, D. L. (2005). Guidance for noise reduction provided by tree belts. Landscape and urban planning, 71(1), 29-34.
  • [35] Nielsen, T. S., & Hansen, K. B. (2007). Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators. Health & place, 13(4), 839-850.
  • [36] Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118-136.
  • [37] Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual review of public health, 35, 207-228.
  • [38] Mennis, J., Mason, M., & Ambrus, A. (2018). Urban greenspace is associated with reduced psychological stress among adolescents: A Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA) analysis of activity space. Landscape and urban planning, 174, 1-9.
  • [39] Kuo, F. E., Sullivan, W. C., Coley, R. L., & Brunson, L. (1998). Fertile ground for community: Inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), 823-851.
  • [40] Maas, J., Van Dillen, S. M., Verheij, R. A., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009). Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health & place, 15(2), 586-595.
  • [41] Fan, Y., Das, K. V., & Chen, Q. (2011). Neighborhood green, social support, physical activity, and stress: Assessing the cumulative impact. Health & place, 17(6), 1202-1211.
  • [42] Home, R., Hunziker, M., & Bauer, N. (2012). Psychosocial outcomes as motivations for visiting nearby urban green spaces. Leisure Sciences, 34(4), 350-365.
  • [43] De Vries, S., Van Dillen, S. M., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 26-33.
  • [44] Sullivan, W. C., Frumkin, H., Jackson, R. J., & Chang, C. Y. (2014). Gaia meets Asclepius: Creating healthy places. Landscape and Urban Planning, 127, 182–1
  • [45] Anonymous, 2019a. https://www.edenproject.com, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [46] Anonymous, 2019b. https://www.gonomad.com/89333-the-eden-project-cornwall-england Accepted Date: 28.02.2019
  • [47] Anonymous, 2019c. https://www.beesker.com/edenproject Accepted Date: 28.02.2019
  • [48] Anonymous, 2019d. https://tr.wikipedia.org, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [49] Anonymous, 2018a. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/tropical-islands-resort, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [50] Anonymous, 2019e. https://www.tropical-islands.de, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [51] Anonymous, 2018b. https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/dunya/almanyanin-en-buyuk-tropik-adasi/2, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [52] Anonymous, 2018c. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/yasam/almanyanin-tropik-adalari, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [53] Anonymous, 2018d. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/seagaia-okyanus-kubbesi, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [54] Anonymous, 2018e. https://www.amusingplanet.com/2012/01/seagaia-ocean-dome-artificial-beach-in.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [55] Anonymous, 2018f. http://www.forumgercek.com/109249-post1.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [56] Anonymous, 2018g. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/water-cube, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [57] Anonymous, 2018h. http://www.parcplaza.net/2010/08/pekin-inaugure-le-parc-aquatique-water.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [58] Anonymous, 2018i. https://tr.pinterest.com, Accepted Date: 22.12.2018

Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 - ENAR Özel Sayı, 64 - 78, 15.10.2019

Hasan Yılmaz Naiyer Gheshlagh Sofla Ayşegül Aksu

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.569013
Cited By: 1

Öz

Artan kentleşme hareketlerine bağlı olarak kentlerde
açık-yeşil alanlarınn önemi işlevsel, ekolojik, estetik, ekonomik,
sosyo-kültürel açıdan giderek artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan millet
bahçesi uygulamaları kentsel açık-yeşil alanların artırılması açısından oldukça
yararlı görülmektedir. Bununla beraber kentlerin doğal ve kültürel kaynak
değerleri ile barışık ve bütün yıl boyu kullanıma açık, özgün kentsel
tasarımlara ihtiyaç vardır. Erzurum kenti özellikle yüksek rakımla beraber ortaya
çıkan extrem ikli şartları nedeni ile diğer kentlerimizden ayrıcalık
göstermektedir. Bundan dolayı dış mekanlarda gerek yapısal gerekse bitkisel
tasarım ve uygulamalarda klasik anlayışın dışında yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Kentte mevcut açık-yeşil alanların esnek ve dönüştürülebilir
olarak bütün yıl boyu kullanımına yönelik uygulamalar yeterli değildir. Bu
nedenle Erzurum gibi extrem iklim şartlarına sahip kentlerimizde kolay
erişilebilen, ucuz, yıl boyu kullanılbilen, konforlu, güvenli, aktif ve pasif
rekreasyon fırsatlar sunan kamusal dış mekanlar yeni bir anlayışla ele
alınmlıdır. Bu çalışmada dünyadaki az sayıda örnekleri bulunan
dönüştürülebilen kapalı peyzaj alanları değerlendirilerek, bölgemize ve
ülkemize bir model oluşturması hedeflenen Erzurum için yeni bir konsept olarak
ilk kez kapalı peyzaj kavramı üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda bu amaca
yönelik mimari bir model oluşturulmuştur. Kentte marka değeri kazandıracak ve
kent insanına tüm yıl boyunca rekreasyonel fırsatlar sunması hedeflenen
komplekste açık-yeşil alanlar, buz müzesi, mini arberatum (bitki müzesi),
yöresel el sanatları müzesi, gastronomi vb. ünitelerle desteklenecektir. Peyzaj
12 kavramı olarak ilk kez tanımlanan kompleks ile açık-yeşil alanların yıl boyu
kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. Ülkemzdeki kapalı peyzaj uygulamasının ilk
örneğini oluşturacak bu özgün yapı, sadece kent halkının rekreasyonel
taleplerini karşılamakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda kentin turizminin de
çeşitlendirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kapalı mekan peyzajı Yıl boyu peyzaj Erzurum Yeni açık-yeşil alan yaklaşımı

Kaynakça

  • [1] Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., & Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585-590.
  • [2] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population DivisionWorld Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, CD-ROM Edition United Nations (2014) ([Internet], [cited 2017 Jun 20]). Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/
  • [3] Yan, H., Wu, F., & Dong, L. (2018). Influence of a large urban park on the local urban thermal environment. Science of The Total Environment, 622, 882-891.
  • [4] Bridgman, H. A., Warner, R. F., & Dodson, J. R. (1995). Urban biophysical environments. Oxford University Press.
  • [5] Decker, E. H., Elliott, S., Smith, F. A., Blake, D. R., & Rowland, F. S. (2000). Energy and material flow through the urban ecosystem. Annual review of energy and the environment, 25(1), 685-740.
  • [6] Patz, J. A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., & Foley, J. A. (2005). Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature, 438(7066), 310.
  • [7] Kolokotroni, M., Giannitsaris, I., & Watkins, R. (2006). The effect of the London urban heat island on building summer cooling demand and night ventilation strategies. Solar Energy, 80(4), 383-392.
  • [8] Sarrat, C., Lemonsu, A., Masson, V., & Guedalia, D. (2006). Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 40(10), 1743-1758.
  • [9] Grimmond, S. (2007). Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming. Geographical Journal, 173(1), 83-88.
  • [10] Tan, J., Zheng, Y., Tang, X., Guo, C., Li, L., Song, G., ... & Chen, H. (2010). The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai. International journal of biometeorology, 54(1), 75-84.
  • [11] Oliveira, S., Andrade, H., & Vaz, T. (2011). The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and environment, 46(11), 2186-2194.
  • [12] Chen, K., Zhou, L., Chen, X., Ma, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, L., ... & Kinney, P. L. (2016). Urbanization level and vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Jiangsu Province, China. Environmental health perspectives, 124(12), 1863-1869.
  • [13] Jonsson, P. (2004). Vegetation as an urban climate control in the subtropical city of Gaborone, Botswana. International journal of climatology, 24(10), 1307-1322.
  • [14] Potchter, O., Cohen, P., & Bitan, A. (2006). Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel. International journal of climatology, 26(12), 1695-1711.
  • [15] Yu, C., & Hien, W. N. (2006). Thermal benefits of city parks. Energy and buildings, 38(2), 105-120.
  • [16] Lafortezza, R., Carrus, G., Sanesi, G., & Davies, C. (2009). Benefits and well-being perceived by people visiting green spaces in periods of heat stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 8(2), 97-108.
  • [17] Zoulia, I., Santamouris, M., & Dimoudi, A. (2009). Monitoring the effect of urban green areas on the heat island in Athens. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 156(1-4), 275.
  • [18] Georgi, J. N., & Dimitriou, D. (2010). The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities: Case study of Chania, Greece. Building and environment, 45(6), 1401-1414.
  • [19] Yılmaz, H., Irmak, M.A., 2012. Yerleşke Planlamasında Bitkisel Tasarım İlkeleri; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 192, Erzurum.
  • [20] Breuste, J., Haase, D., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). Urban landscapes and ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in agricultural and urban landscapes, 83-104.
  • [21] McPherson, E. G., & Simpson, J. R. (2003). Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2(2), 73-86.
  • [22] Wang, Z. (2006). A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin. Building and Environment, 41(8), 1034-1039.
  • [23] Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E & Stevens, J.C., 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 4;115-123.
  • [24] Öztürk, S. (2013). Kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların yaşam kalitesine etkisi “Kastamonu Örneği”. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 109-116.
  • [25] Bolund, P., & Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological economics, 29(2), 293-301.
  • [26] Nilsson, M. E., & Berglund, B. (2006). Soundscape quality in suburban green areas and city parks. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 92(6), 903-911.
  • [27] Özer, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H., (2008). Determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of Pinus slyvestris L. and Populus nigra L. İn Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.
  • [28] Verheij, R. A., Maas, J., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2008). Urban—rural health differences and the availability of green space. European Urban and Regional Studies, 15(4), 307-316.
  • [29] Dhingra, S. S., Strine, T. W., Holt, J. B., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Rural-urban variations in psychological distress: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007. International Journal of Public Health, 54(1), 16-22.
  • [30] Lambert, K. G., Nelson, R. J., Jovanovic, T., & Cerdá, M. (2015). Brains in the city: neurobiological effects of urbanization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 58, 107-122.
  • [31] Beckett, K. P., Freer-Smith, P. H., & Taylor, G. (1998). Urban woodlands: their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution. Environmental pollution, 99(3), 347-360.[32] Upmanis, H., Eliasson, I., & Andersson-Sköld, Y. (2001). Case studies of the spatial variation of benzene and toluene concentrations in parks and adjacent built-up areas. Water, air, and soil pollution, 129(1-4), 61-81.
  • [33] Dimoudi, A., & Nikolopoulou, M. (2003). Vegetation in the urban environment: microclimatic analysis and benefits. Energy and buildings, 35(1), 69-76.
  • [34] Fang, C. F., & Ling, D. L. (2005). Guidance for noise reduction provided by tree belts. Landscape and urban planning, 71(1), 29-34.
  • [35] Nielsen, T. S., & Hansen, K. B. (2007). Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators. Health & place, 13(4), 839-850.
  • [36] Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118-136.
  • [37] Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual review of public health, 35, 207-228.
  • [38] Mennis, J., Mason, M., & Ambrus, A. (2018). Urban greenspace is associated with reduced psychological stress among adolescents: A Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA) analysis of activity space. Landscape and urban planning, 174, 1-9.
  • [39] Kuo, F. E., Sullivan, W. C., Coley, R. L., & Brunson, L. (1998). Fertile ground for community: Inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), 823-851.
  • [40] Maas, J., Van Dillen, S. M., Verheij, R. A., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009). Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health & place, 15(2), 586-595.
  • [41] Fan, Y., Das, K. V., & Chen, Q. (2011). Neighborhood green, social support, physical activity, and stress: Assessing the cumulative impact. Health & place, 17(6), 1202-1211.
  • [42] Home, R., Hunziker, M., & Bauer, N. (2012). Psychosocial outcomes as motivations for visiting nearby urban green spaces. Leisure Sciences, 34(4), 350-365.
  • [43] De Vries, S., Van Dillen, S. M., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 26-33.
  • [44] Sullivan, W. C., Frumkin, H., Jackson, R. J., & Chang, C. Y. (2014). Gaia meets Asclepius: Creating healthy places. Landscape and Urban Planning, 127, 182–1
  • [45] Anonymous, 2019a. https://www.edenproject.com, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [46] Anonymous, 2019b. https://www.gonomad.com/89333-the-eden-project-cornwall-england Accepted Date: 28.02.2019
  • [47] Anonymous, 2019c. https://www.beesker.com/edenproject Accepted Date: 28.02.2019
  • [48] Anonymous, 2019d. https://tr.wikipedia.org, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [49] Anonymous, 2018a. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/tropical-islands-resort, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [50] Anonymous, 2019e. https://www.tropical-islands.de, Accepted Date: 12.02.2019
  • [51] Anonymous, 2018b. https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/dunya/almanyanin-en-buyuk-tropik-adasi/2, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [52] Anonymous, 2018c. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/yasam/almanyanin-tropik-adalari, Accepted Date: 20.12.2018
  • [53] Anonymous, 2018d. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/seagaia-okyanus-kubbesi, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [54] Anonymous, 2018e. https://www.amusingplanet.com/2012/01/seagaia-ocean-dome-artificial-beach-in.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [55] Anonymous, 2018f. http://www.forumgercek.com/109249-post1.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [56] Anonymous, 2018g. http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/tr/suslu-su-parklari/water-cube, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [57] Anonymous, 2018h. http://www.parcplaza.net/2010/08/pekin-inaugure-le-parc-aquatique-water.html, Accepted Date: 21.12.2018
  • [58] Anonymous, 2018i. https://tr.pinterest.com, Accepted Date: 22.12.2018
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Diğer Bölümler
Yazarlar

Hasan Yılmaz 0000-0003-3768-4760

Naiyer Gheshlagh Sofla Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4508-6317

Ayşegül Aksu 0000-0002-6720-0256

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2019
Kabul Tarihi 2 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 - ENAR Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, H., Gheshlagh Sofla, N., & Aksu, A. (2019). Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8, 64-78. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.569013
AMA Yılmaz H, Gheshlagh Sofla N, Aksu A. Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. Ekim 2019;8:64-78. doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.569013
Chicago Yılmaz, Hasan, Naiyer Gheshlagh Sofla, ve Ayşegül Aksu. “Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8, Ekim (Ekim 2019): 64-78. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.569013.
EndNote Yılmaz H, Gheshlagh Sofla N, Aksu A (01 Ekim 2019) Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8 64–78.
IEEE H. Yılmaz, N. Gheshlagh Sofla, ve A. Aksu, “Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12”, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 8, ss. 64–78, 2019, doi: 10.17100/nevbiltek.569013.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Hasan vd. “Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12”. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8 (Ekim 2019), 64-78. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.569013.
JAMA Yılmaz H, Gheshlagh Sofla N, Aksu A. Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019;8:64–78.
MLA Yılmaz, Hasan vd. “Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 8, 2019, ss. 64-78, doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.569013.
Vancouver Yılmaz H, Gheshlagh Sofla N, Aksu A. Soğuk İklim Bölgeleri İçin Yeni Bir Açık-Yeşil Alan Anlayışı; Yıl Boyu Peyzaj/Peyzaj 12. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019;8:64-78.

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