ACCORDING TO EBLA ARCHIVES RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EBLA AND MARI IN THE 3RD MILLENIUM BC

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 2347 - 2361, 25.12.2023

Ozan Arslan Aytan

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1300726

Öz

Founded in the Upper Euphrates region in the mid-3rd millennium BC, Ebla and Mari were the two most powerful kingdoms of their region. Ebla is an ancient city located in Tell Mardikh within the borders of present-day Syria. The foundation of the city dates back to approximately 2550 BC. The discovery of Ebla was a major turning point in the history of Mesopotamia. Approximately 17,000 tablets is found in the archive room of the Ebla royal palace G contain important information about the economic, social and political structure of the Ebla Kingdom. In addition, these tablets provide information about Mari, with which Ebla was closely related. Mari is another kingdom established northeast of the Euphrates River in the territory of present-day Syria. The Kingdom of Mari, founded in 2900 BC, is one of the Sumerian city-states. The Sumerian king lists include the names of Mari kings. Both Ebla and Mari are kingdoms with a trade-based livelihood. Both kingdoms were established on the intersection point of Southern Mesopotamia, Egypt, Elam and Anatolia. Thus, they were in constant interaction with the kingdoms and cities in the region. Ebla and Mari fought with each other politically in order to control the trade routes of the region. These struggles were replaced by diplomatic relations from time to time. The power struggle between these two kingdoms continued until the conquests of Sargon of Akkad and Naram-Sin. This study analyses the political relations between Ebla and Mari based on the cuneiform tablets in the royal archives of Ebla.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tell Mardikh, Enna-Dagan, İbbi-Zikir, Sargon, Naram-Sin

EBLA ARŞİVLERİNE GÖRE MÖ 3. BİNYILDA EBLA-MARİ İLİŞKİLERİ

Öz

MÖ 3. binyılın ortalarında, Yukarı Fırat bölgesinde kurulan Ebla ve Mari, bölgelerinin en güçlü iki krallığı olarak öne çıkmışlardır. Ebla, günümüz Suriye sınırlı içerisindeki Tell Mardikh'te bulunan bir antik kenttir. Kentin kuruluşu yaklaşık MÖ 2550'lere dayanmaktadır. Ebla'nın keşfi, Mezopotamya tarihinde büyük bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Ebla kraliyet sarayı G’nin arşiv odasında bulunan yaklaşık 17.000 tablet, Ebla Krallığı’nın iktisadi, sosyal ve siyasi yapısı hakkında önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Ayrıca bu tabletler, Ebla’nın yakından ilişki içerisinde olduğu Mari hakkında bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Mari, günümüz Suriye topraklarında, Fırat Nehri'nin kuzeydoğusunda kurulan bir diğer krallıktır. MÖ 2900'lü yıllarda kurulan Mari Krallığı, Sumer kent devletlerinden biridir. Sumer kral listelerinde Mari kralların isimlerine yer verilmiştir. Hem Ebla hem de Mari ticarete dayalı geçim biçimine sahip krallıklardır. Her iki krallık da konum itibariyle Güney Mezopotamya, Mısır, Elam ve Anadolu coğrafyalarının kesişim noktası üzerinde kurulmuşlardır. Böylelikle bölgedeki krallıklar ve kentlerle sürekli etkileşim halinde olmuşlardır. Ebla ve Mari, bulundukları bölgenin ticaret yollarını kontrol altına alabilmek için birbirleriyle siyasi olarak mücadele etmişlerdir. Bu mücadeleler zaman zaman yerini diplomatik ilişkilere bırakmıştır. Akadlı Sargon ve Naram-Sin’in fetihlerine kadar bu iki krallık arasındaki güç mücadelesi devam etmiştir. MÖ 24. veya 23. yüzyılda hem Ebla hem de Mari, Akadlar tarafından yıkılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Ebla kraliyet arşivlerindeki çivi yazılı tabletlere dayanarak Ebla ve Mari arasındaki siyasi ilişkiler incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tell Mardikh, Enna-Dagan, İbbi-Zikir, Sargon, Naram-Sin.

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