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DENİZ SEVİYESİ YÜKSELMELERİNİN ÇUKUROVA DELTASINDAKİ TARIM ALANLARINA OLAN POTANSİYEL ETKİLERİ VE BU ETKİLERLE BAŞA ÇIKMA YÖNTEMLERİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 22 - 42, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.59113/niibfd.1557521

Öz

Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin önemli etkilerinden birisi de deniz seviyesi yükselmeleridir. Deniz seviyesi yükselmelerinin ilerleyen dönemlerde, ¾’ü sularla çevrili olan dünyamız ve yarımada görünümündeki ülkemiz için ciddi bir tehdit olması beklenmektedir. Bu tehdit, deniz seviyesi yükselmelerinin kıyı bölgelerdeki yaşam alanlarına, ekosistemlere ve biyolojik çeşitliliğe zarar verme potansiyelinden ileri gelmektedir. Ayrıca Çukurova Deltası’ndaki tarım alanlarının sular altında kalarak zarar görmesi, ülkemizde gıda güvenliği sorununun ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile bölgeye dikkat çekilmek ve risklerle başa çıkılabilecek önlemler tartışılmak istenmiştir. Çalışmada, Çukurova Deltası’nda oluşması muhtemel deniz seviyesi yükselmelerini gösteren simülasyonlar kullanılarak tehlikenin boyutları ortaya koyulmuştur. Çukurova deltasındaki deniz seviyesi yükselmeleri 50’şer cm aralıklarla 0-6 metre bandında “CoastalDEMv2.1 modeli” kullanılarak simüle edilmiştir. Çukurova Deltası’ndaki arazi kullanım şekilleri ve tarım arazilerinin tespiti ise “Copernicus Arazi Gözetim Uygulaması” ile yapılmıştır. Çukurova deltasında yer alan lagünlerin, bataklıkların, kumulların, kıyı yerleşimlerinin ve tarım alanlarının çeşitli iklim senaryolarına göre ilerleyen yıllarda sular altında kalması beklenmektedir. Deltada yer alan tarım alanlarında yetiştirilebilen ürün çeşitliliğinin fazla, verimliliğin yüksek ve yılda birden fazla hasat yapılabiliyor olması, bölgenin deniz seviyesi yükselmelerine karşı gözetilmesini gerektirmektedir. Deniz seviyesi yükselmeleri yavaş ilerleyen süreçleri içeriyor olsa da bu riske karşı alınacak olan önlemlerin daha hızlı bir şekilde hayata geçirilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü deniz seviyesi yükselmeleri öncelikle kıyılarda bulunan ve düşük kot yüksekliğine sahip yerleşim yerlerini, tarım alanlarını, sanayi üretim tesislerini ve diğer doğal çevreleri etkisi altına almaktadır. Özellikle verimli tarım alanları deniz seviyesi yükselmelerinden büyük zararlar görebilmektedir. Deniz seviyesi yükselmelerinin potansiyel etkilerine karşı geri çekilme, uyum ve koruma yöntemleri ile bölgedeki zarar en aza indirilebilecektir. Bunun için yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerin bölge ölçeğinde daha detaylı şekilde hazırlayacakları afet riski planlarını kararlı bir şekilde hayata geçirmeleri büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

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POTENTIAL IMPECTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE ÇUKOROVA DELTA AND METHODS TO CEPE WİTH THESE IMPACTS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 22 - 42, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.59113/niibfd.1557521

Öz

One of the important effects of global warming and climate change is sea level rise. Sea level rise is expected to be a serious threat to our world, which is ¾ surrounded by water, and our country, which looks like a peninsula, in the future. This threat arises from the potential of sea level rise to harm habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity in coastal areas. Additionally because the damage to agricultural areas in the Çukurova Delta due to flooding may cause food security problems in our country. This study aims to draw attention to the region and discuss measures that can be taken to cope with the risks. Simulations showing possible sea level rises in the Çukurova Delta were used in the study. Sea level rise in the Çukurova Delta was simulated using the “CoastalDEMv2.1 model” in the 0-6 meter band at 50 cm intervals. Land use patterns and agricultural lands in the Çukurova Delta were determined using the “Copernicus Land Surveillance Application”. It is expected that the lagoons, marshes, dunes, coastal settlements and agricultural areas in the Çukurova delta will be flooded in the coming years according to various climate scenarios. The diversity of products that can be grown in the agricultural areas in the delta, the high productivity and the ability to harvest more than once a year necessitate that the region be monitored against sea level rise. Although sea level rise involves slow-moving processes, it is vital that measures to be taken against this risk are implemented more rapidly. Because sea level rise primarily affects coastal settlements, agricultural areas, industrial production facilities and other natural environments with low elevations. Especially productive agricultural areas can be greatly damaged by sea level rise. The damage in the region can be minimized with retreat, accommodation and protection methods against the potential effects of sea level rise. For this reason, it is of great importance for local and central governments to resolutely implement disaster risk plans that they will prepare in more detail on a regional scale.

Kaynakça

  • Barrera, E. L., & Hertel, T. (2021). Global food waste across the income spectrum: Implications for food prices, production and resource use. Food Policy, 98, 101874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101874
  • Bressan, R. A. (2008). Stres fizyolojisi. In L. Taiz, E. Zeiger, & D. Türkan (Eds.), Bitki fizyolojisi (pp. 591–620). Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Brown, S., Nicholls, R. J., Woodroffe, C. D., Hanson, S., Hinkel, J., Kebede, A. S., Neumann, B., & Vafeidis, A. T. (2013). Coastal hazards. In C. W. Finkl (Ed.), Sea-level rise impacts and responses: A global perspective (pp. 117–149). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5234-4_6
  • Climate Central. (2024). Sea level rise. https://www.climatecentral.org/sea-level-rise
  • Copernicus. (2024). Land cover viewer – dataset ID: 0407d497d3c44bcd93ce8fd5bf78596a. https://land.copernicus.eu/en/mapviewer?dataset=0407d497d3c44bcd93ce8fd5bf78596a
  • Craig, C., & Palmer, B. (2024). Sea level rise 101: The causes and effects of this undeniable consequence of climate change—and how communities can respond. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/sea-level-rise-101#what-is
  • Craig, R. K. (2010). A public health perspective on sea-level rise: Starting points for climate change adaptation. Widener Law Review, 15, 521–540.
  • Dadzie, S. K. N., Inkoom, E. W., Akaba, S., Annor-Frempong, F., & Afful, J. (2021). Sustainability responses to climate-smart adaptation in Africa: Implication for food security among farm households in the Central Region of Ghana. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 12(2), 208–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2020-0075
  • Dodman, D., Hayward, B., Pelling, M., Castan Broto, V., Chow, W., Chu, E., Dawson, R., Khirfan, L., McPhearson, T., Prakash, A., Zheng, Y., & Ziervogel, G. (2022). Cities, settlements and key infrastructure. In H. O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, & B. Rama (Eds.), Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 907–1040). Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
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  • Ekmekçi, E., Apan, M., & Kara, T. (2005). Tuzluluğun bitki gelişimine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 118–125.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2021). World Soil Day: FAO highlights the threat of soil salinization to global food security. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/world-soil-day-fao-highlights-threat-of-soil-salinization-to-food-security-031221/en
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  • Garner, G. G., Hermans, T., Kopp, R. E., Slangen, A. B. A., Edwards, T. L., Levermann, A., Nowikci, S., Palmer, M. D., Smith, C., Fox-Kemper, B., Hewitt, H. T., Xiao, C., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., Drijfhout, S. S., Edwards, T. L., Golledge, N. R., Hemer, M., Krinner, G., Mix, A., Notz, D., Nowicki, S., Nurhati, I. S., Ruiz, L., Sallée, J.-B., Yu, Y., Hua, L., Palmer, T., & Pearson, B. (2021). IPCC AR6 sea level projections (Version 20210809). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914709
  • Gary, A., & Klee, A. (1999). The coastal environment: Toward integrated coastal and marine sanctuary development. Prentice Hall.
  • Geymen, A., & Dirican, A. Y. (2016). İklim değişikliğine bağlı deniz seviyesi değişiminin coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmesi. Harita Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 8(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.15659/hartek.16.04.308
  • Güney, O. İ. (2013). Assessment of sea level rise impact on population and land use in the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(3), 56–60.
  • Gürel, A., & Avcıoğlu, R. (2001). Bitkilerde strese dayanıklılık fizyolojisi. In S. Özcan, E. Gürel, & M. Babaoğlu (Eds.), Bitki biyoteknolojisi II: Genetik mühendisliği ve uygulamaları (pp. 308–313). Selçuk Üniversitesi Vakfı Yayınları. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (R. K. Pachauri & L. A. Meyer, Eds.). IPCC.
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  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (H. Lee & J. Romero, Eds.). IPCC. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
  • IPCC. (2021). Summary for policymakers. In V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, & B. Zhou (Eds.), Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 3–32). Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
  • Kafalı Yılmaz, F. (2019). Adana Ovaları'nda endüstriyel tarım bitkilerinin üretimindeki değişiklikler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 973–986.
  • Kirezci, E. (2020). Projections of global-scale extreme sea levels and resulting episodic coastal flooding over the 21st century. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11629. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67736-6
  • Koca, H., Bor, M., Özdemir, F., & Türkan, D. (2007). The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes and proline content of sesame cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60(3), 344–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.12.005
  • Kuleli, T. (2006). Deniz seviyesi yükselmesi ve Çukurova Deltası kıyı bölgesi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi. In Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları VI. Ulusal Konferansı Bildiriler Kitabı (07–11 Kasım 2006, Muğla).
  • Lindsey, R. (2022). Climate change: Global sea level. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level
  • Moore, B. (2022). IPCC: Sea level rise adaptation is essential, not optional. Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). https://www.nrdc.org/bio/rob-moore/ipcc-sea-level-rise-adaptation-essential-not-optional
  • Nathaniel, S., Barua, S., Hussain, H., & Adeleye, N. (2021). The determinants and interrelationship of carbon emissions and economic growth in African economies: Fresh insights from static and dynamic models. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(1), e2157. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2157
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2024a). NASA's sea level projection tool. https://sealevel.nasa.gov/data_tools/17
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2024b). Satellite data: 1993–Present, satellite sea level observations. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/?intent=121
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2022). Global and regional sea level rise scenarios for the United States: Updated mean projections and extreme water level probabilities along U.S. coastlines. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/noaa-nostechrpt01-global-regional-SLR-scenarios-US.pdf
  • Oppenheimer, M., Glavovic, B. C., Hinkel, J., van de Wal, R., Magnan, A. K., Abdlgawad, A., Cai, R., Cifuentes-Jara, M., DeConto, R. M., Ghosh, T., Hay, J., Isla, F., Marzeion, B., Meyssignac, B., & Sebesvari, Z. (2022). Sea level rise and implications for low-lying islands, coasts and communities. In H.-O. Pörtner, D.-C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, & N. M. Weyer (Eds.), The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate (pp. 32–446). Cambridge University Press.
  • Özhan, E. (2008). Türkiye’de bütünleşik kıyı yönetimi: Son gelişmeler. In Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları VII. Ulusal Konferansı, Türkiye Kıyıları 08, Bildiriler Kitabı (27–30 Mayıs 2008, Ankara). Türkiye Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları Merkezi.
  • Reimann, L., Vafeidis, A. T., & Honsel, L. E. (2023). Population development as a driver of coastal risk: Current trends and future pathways. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures, 1, e14. https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2023.3 Schmidhuber, J., & Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Global food security under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(50), 19703–19708. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701976104
  • Simav, Ö., Şeker, D. Z., & Gazioğlu, C. (2013). Coastal inundation due to sea level rise and extreme sea state and its potential impacts: Çukurova Delta case. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, 671–680. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1205-6
  • Simav, Ö., Şeker, D., & Tanık, A. (2014). Potential impacts of sea level rise on the coastal vulnerability of Çukurova Delta. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23, 3101–3108.
  • Sweet, W. V., Hamlington, B. D., Kopp, R. E., Weaver, C. P., Barnard, P. L., Bekaert, D., Brooks, W., Craghan, M., Dusek, G., Frederikse, T., Garner, G., Genz, A. S., Krasting, J. P., Larour, E., Marcy, D., Marra, J. J., Obeysekera, J., Osler, M., Pendleton, M., Roman, D., Schmied, L., Veatch, W., White, K. D., & Zuzak, C. (2022). Global and regional sea level rise scenarios for the United States: Updated mean projections and extreme water level probabilities along U.S. coastlines (NOAA Technical Report NOS 01). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/noaa-nostechrpt01-global-regional-SLR-scenarios-US.pdf
  • Şahin, K., & Bağcı, H. R. (2015). CBS ve UA teknikleriyle Türkiye’nin başlıca deltalarının morfometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. In Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu (UJES 2015), Samsun.
  • Taylor, R. G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J. S., Edmunds, M., & Konikow, L. (2013). Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 322–329. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1744
  • Titus, J. G. (1990). Greenhouse effect, sea level rise and land use. Land Use Policy, 7(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(90)90006-B
  • Tully, K. L., Weissman, D., Wyner, W. J., Miller, J., & Jordan, T. (2019). Soils in transition: Saltwater intrusion alters soil chemistry in agricultural fields. Biogeochemistry, 142(3), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00542-2
  • Türkeş, M., Sümer, M., & Çetiner, G. (2000). Küresel iklim değişikliği ve olası etkileri. In Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi Seminer Notları (13 Nisan 2000, İstanbul Sanayi Odası, ss. 7–24). Çevre Bakanlığı, ÇKÖK Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2022). Natural Resources Conservation Service: Climate change adaptation plan. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/conservation-basics/natural-resource-concerns/climate/adaptation
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2024). Saltwater intrusion: A growing threat to coastal agriculture, coastal zone management. https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northeast/topic/saltwater-intrusion-growing-threat-coastal-agriculture
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2024). Saltwater intrusion: A growing threat to coastal agriculture. https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northeast/topic/saltwater-intrusion-growing-threat-coastal-agriculture
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2005). Singh, A., Pathirana, S., & Shi, H. Assessing coastal vulnerability: Developing a global index for measuring risk (Final Report).
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2024). Ocean, seas and coasts – Regional seas programme. https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coast
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). The global risks report 2019. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2019.pdf
  • Yılmaz, E., Tuna, A. L., & Bürün, B. (2011). Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 47–66.
  • Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., Westra, S., Bevacqua, E., Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., van den Hurk, B., AghaKouchak, A., Jézéquel, A., Mahecha, M. D., Maraun, D., Ramos, A. M., Ridder, N. N., Thiery, W., & Vignotto, E. (2020). A typology of compound weather and climate events. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1, 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0060.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Ekonomisi, Tarım Ekonomisi, Çevre Politikası, İklim ve Su Politikaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Akalın 0000-0002-5170-7503

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akalın, M. (2025). DENİZ SEVİYESİ YÜKSELMELERİNİN ÇUKUROVA DELTASINDAKİ TARIM ALANLARINA OLAN POTANSİYEL ETKİLERİ VE BU ETKİLERLE BAŞA ÇIKMA YÖNTEMLERİ. Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 22-42. https://doi.org/10.59113/niibfd.1557521
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