ABD’nin 2025 Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi ve Küresel Sistem Algısındaki Dönüşüm

Öz

Bu çalışma, uluslararası sistemin yapısına ilişkin tartışmaların ABD’nin 2025 Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi Belgesi’nde nasıl çerçevelendirildiği sorunsalı etrafında şekillenmektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) 2025 Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi Belgesi’nin uluslararası sistemdeki güç dağılımını ve ABD’nin küresel rolünü nasıl tanımladığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizine dayanmakta olup söz konusu belge hegemonya anlayışı, büyük güç rekabeti, müttefiklik yaklaşımı ve stratejik öncelikler gibi önceden belirlenen analitik ölçütler çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Analiz bulguları, belgenin ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde benimsediği küresel hâkimiyet ve sınırsız liderlik anlayışından söylemsel düzeyde uzaklaştığını göstermektedir. Çin’in ABD’ye yakın ölçekte bir güç olarak tanımlanması ve rekabetin teknoloji ile ekonomik kapasite alanlarına kaydırılması, askerî üstünlüğün tek başına belirleyici olmadığı yeni bir güç anlayışına işaret etmektedir. Benzer şekilde Rusya’nın yalnızca bertaraf edilmesi gereken bir tehdit olarak değil, Avrupa güvenliği bağlamında yönetilmesi gereken bir aktör olarak ele alınması, daha dengeli bir rekabet yaklaşımının benimsendiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca müttefiklerden daha fazla sorumluluk üstlenmelerinin talep edilmesi, küresel yük paylaşımına dayalı yeni bir müttefiklik anlayışının öne çıktığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, 2025 Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi Belgesi’nin uluslararası sistemi daha çoğulcu ve rekabetçi bir yapı içerisinde ele alan yeni bir stratejik söylem sunduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABD Dış Politikası
• Çok Kutupluluk
• Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi
• Küresel Sistem
• Güç Dengesi

The US’ 2025 National Security Strategy and Transformation of Global System Perception

Öz

This study examines how debates surrounding the structure of the international system are framed within the United States’ 2025 National Security Strategy document. The primary objective of the research is to analyse how the United States (US) defines the distribution of power in the international system and its own global role through the 2025 National Security Strategy. The study is based on qualitative content analysis and evaluates the document through predetermined analytical categories, including the understanding of hegemony, great power competition, alliance approaches, and strategic priorities. The findings demonstrate that the document discursively departs from the notions of global dominance and unlimited leadership that characterised the US strategy in the post–Cold War era. The identification of China as a near-peer power and the shift of competition toward technological and economic capacities indicate the emergence of a conception of power in which military superiority alone is no longer considered decisive. Similarly, the treatment of Russia not merely as a threat to be contained but as an actor to be managed within the context of European security reflects a more balanced understanding of strategic competition. Furthermore, the expectation that allies assume greater responsibilities highlights the prominence of a new alliance framework based on global burden-sharing. The study argues that the 2025 National Security Strategy presents a new strategic discourse that conceptualises the international system as a more pluralistic and competitive structure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• US Foreing Policy
• Multipolarity
• National Security Strategy
• Global System
• Balance Of Power

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