Short Story in Algerian Literature

Öz

Abstract

Arab literature, which has a certain copyright tradition with its prose products in the historical process, started to produce literary products in the literary genres such as novels, theater and short stories with the modern era. During this period, especially the short story has become one of the important literary genres of Algerian literature.

The short story ranks first among the literary genres of modern Algerian literature. In the short stories of the Algerian literary writers, especially during and after the war of independence, it’s seemed that they wrote about the life of the Algerian people, tried to describe their social and civilized progress and intellectual development, and to draw a broad portrait of them, aiming to reflect the real life lived through its whole contradictions.

In this study, which the short story is discussed in Algerian literature, the emergence of the story, factors such religion, language, traditions, folk tales playing a role in the delay of this emergence are evaluated. In addition to this, the emergence of storytelling in Algeria, its role in revitalizing culture and tradition, the communication of Algeria with the East and the West, the role of the Algerian revolution were also examined. The last part of the study focused on the development of the short story in Algerian Literature.

Structured Abstract

The short story type has general characteristics in other prose types, such as telling an event, having a subject, being away from the form of poetry, taking advantage of real events and individuals in its fiction. However, the necessity of change is said to be separated from other types in such respects as conflict elements and influence union.

The development of the short story and other modern literary genres in Arabic literature is closely related to Napoleon's Egyptian Expedition, given the contributions of Arab countries in political and cultural interaction with the West. During the period that began after this expedition, Egypt and other Arab countries met the modern literary genres of Western literature. Translations and adaptations made of Western literature have also brought a change in the classical writing style of Arabic literature. In addition to these translations, the expansion of printing and journalism activities is an important factor in the development of modern literary genres and short stories.

Modern literary genres in Algerian literature, XX. it has been seen since the beginning of the 20th century. Considering the types of prose and poetry, one of the first modern types of modern writing to be sampled in Algerian literature has been a short story type.

In this article, we aimed to address development course and examples of a short story genre from the pioneers of modern species in Algerian literature.

Starting from the period when France invaded Algeria, the literary and intellectuals who were subjected to oppression and assimilated policies, who were involved in efforts to claim their cultural heritage and self, and finally witnessed periods of struggle for independence, expressed these issues in their works one way or another. The short story, one of the pioneers of modern literary genres, also witnessed all these phases of Algeria. It will be noticed that the issues discussed before and after independence are intertwined with current events. Again, changes in style can also be seen that they are affected by political and social conditions.

In this article, which examined the emergence and development of a short story species in modern Algerian literature, first of all, we aimed to do a scan of Algerian literature first. As a result, we concluded that both Western sources and academic studies on modern Algerian literature in our country were almost nonexistent. For this reason, we have tried to reach resources for the type of short story in libraries in Algeria and in the New Alexandria Library of Egypt. In doing so, we applied more secondary resources (research works) due to the very small primary resources. In this context, we aimed to provide a considerable knowledge of the modern Algerian story.

In modern Algerian literature, this study consists of two chapters, which we cover the short story genre, usually based on the initial phase. In the firtst chapter, which includes information about the type of short story, the characteristics of this literary genre include its emergence in Arabic literature. In creating this chapter, it is aimed to allow the short story genre to compare the course of development and the course of development in Algerian literature. In arab countries, the contributions they made in the development of modern species in Algerian literature have been tried to make it more pronounced.

In the second chapter, which forms the main part of the study, the emergence of a short story genre in modern Algerian literature, the start and maturation of other Arab countries -- at least in the French or British occupation periods -- is about political and social elements that influence and contribute to the development of this species.

The increase in journalism activities from the second quarter of the XX century and the incentives of leading writers of the period to write works in modern species with calls for simplicity in the language have accelerated the development of the short story genre. Algerian intellectuals and student groups -- in one respect, as a result of the activities of the Algerian Muslim Scholars' Association -- have made journeys to eastern Arab countries and have the opportunity to study western-sourceliterary species that have been converted and adapted in these regions.

Looking at the course of development of the short story genre in Algerian literature, it is seen that authors are more concerned about giving political, social and religious messages and expressing their comments about the agenda in an easier way in the stories depicting them with article-style stories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algerian Literature,Culture and Tradition,Revolution,Short Story

CEZAYİR EDEBİYATINDA KISA ÖYKÜ

Öz

Tarihsel süreçte nesir türündeki farklı ürünleriyle belirli bir telif geleneğine sahip olan Arap edebiyatı, modern dönemle birlikte roman, tiyatro ve kısa öykü gibi edebi türlerde ürün vermeye başlamıştır.  Bu süre zarfında, özellikle kısa öykü Cezayir edebiyatının önemli edebi türlerinden biri haline gelmiştir.

Kısa öykü, modern Cezayir edebiyatı edebi türleri arasında yaygınlık bakımından ilk sırada gelmektedir. Cezayirli edebiyatçıların, özellikle de bağımsızlık savaşı esnası ve sonrası dönemde, yazdıkları kısa öykülerinde, doğrudan Cezayir insanının hayatını konu edindikleri, onun sosyal ve medeni bakımdan ilerleyişini ve fikri gelişimini tasvir etmeye ve geniş bir portresini çizmeye çalıştıkları, aynı şekilde Cezayirlilerin iç dünyasına ışık tutarak,  bütün çekişme ve çelişkileriyle yaşanan gerçek hayatı yansıtmayı amaçladıkları görülmektedir.

Cezayir edebiyatında kısa öykünün ele alındığı bu çalışmada, öykünün ortaya çıkışı, ortaya çıkışının gecikmesindeki din, dil, gelenekler, halk hikâyeleri vb. etkenler değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında Cezayir’de hikâyeciliğin ortaya çıkışı, kültür ve geleneğin yeniden canlandırılmasındaki rolü, Cezayir’in Doğu ve Batı ile iletişimi, Cezayir devriminin rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında Cezayir Edebiyatında kısa hikâyenin gelişimi üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cezayir Edebiyatı,Kısa Öykü,Devrim,Sosyal Hayat

Kaynakça

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