Joos van Ghistele’nin Hac Seyahati Anlatısında (1491) İslam ve Osmanlılara Dair Söylemi

Öz

Bu makale, Ortaçağ Avrupa zihniyet tarihi açısından zengin bilgiler sunan Burgonyalı soylu Joos van Ghistele’nin 1491’de Ambrosius Zeebout’a yazdırdığı Hristiyan hac seyahatnamesinin söylem analizini içermektedir. Bu seyahatname, 15. yüzyılın sonlarında Hristiyan Avrupa medeniyetinin İslam’ı ve Osmanlı’yı tasvir ederken ürettiği yaygın söylemi incelemek için önemli bilgiler içeren bir kaynaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, Burgonya kökenli metindeki İslam ve Türk karşıtı söylem ve temsilin, ortaçağdan itibaren Avrupa’da dini, siyasi ve kültürel hedefler doğrultusunda nasıl kurgulandığını beyan etmektir. İdeolojik düzlemde bu söylemin, 15. yüzyılda Avrupa’da oluşmaya başlayan merkezi devlet yapılarıyla bağlantılı olduğu ve Latin Kilisesinin dogmaları tarafından belirlendikleri öne sürülmüştür. Bu söylemin ana hatlarının, modern zamanlardaki Batı sömürgeciliğinden çok önce, orta çağda Hıristiyan teolojisi ve haçlı ideolojisi bağlamında şekillendiği vurgulanmıştır. Joos van Ghistele seyahatnamesinde bu söylem, belli bir strateji güdülerek kullanılmıştır. Osmanlıların Avrupa'nın ezeli hasmı ve İslam’ın “sapkın bir mezhep” gibi kurgulanması Avrupa’nın kendisini “mükemmel, erdemli ve üstün Hıristiyan” olarak tanımlamasına hizmet etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam
• seyahatname
• Orta Çağ
• Avrupa
• Türkler

Discourse on Islam and the Ottoman Turks in Joos van Ghistele’s Pilgrimage Narrative (1491)

Öz

This article explores the discourse of the Christian pilgrimage narrative of the Burgundian nobleman Joos van Ghistele, written by Ambrosius Zeebout in 1491. The influential account of the travels of van Ghistele offers us remarkable perspectives on the world view of Burgundy and the history of medieval European mentality. Situated within the discursive tradition of medieval Northern Europe, this article analyses the travel narrative in order to determine the nature of the Burgundian discourse on Islam and the variety of motives it served. This article claims that the negative representation of Islam and the Turks in this popular travel report was produced in answer to the religious imperatives and political and ideological needs of the Burgundian dukes. This discourse was shaped by the ideology of the Latin Church and influenced by the process of European state building in the 15th century. Its contours were defined by medieval Christian theology and the crusading ideology. This article highlights that within the discursive strategy of van Ghistele’s travel report, the Ottomans and Muslims functioned as the political and religious arch-rivals in opposition to whom Europe established its own identity as virtuous, Christian and superior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medieval
• Europe
• Travel Narratives
• Islam
• Turks

Kaynakça

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