The Role of Contact in The Integration of Immigrant Students

Abstract

Immigrants experience social, economic, political and psychological problems. One of the most fundamental of these problems is the integration problems they experience in the place where they migrated. In this study, the concept of immigration is used for all types of immigration which people immigrate or migrate or emigrate from their country or homeland to another country or somewhere else in their country for any reason. Therefore, immigration concept in this study contains refugee, assylum seeker, labor migration etc. In this context, this study aims to examine the importance of contact in the social integration of immigrant students and the effect of contact in reducing prejudice and discriminatory attitudes towards immigrant students. Within the scope of the study, research articles published in Turkish and English languages in Web of Science and DergiPark databases for the integration of immigrant children to school after the year 2000 were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of 47 articles examined in the context of the study, researches were found on the types of 'direct contact' (positive and negative contacts) and 'indirect contact' (e-contact, expansionist contact, imaginary contact, para-social contact, and intergenerational transmission contact). In most of these studies, the effect of intergroup contact on reducing prejudice and discriminatory attitudes towards immigrant students has been examined and it has been thought that all types of contact reduce negative attitudes towards immigrant students and may have an important role in improving the integration of immigrant students.

Keywords

• Refugee
• Immigrant
• Integration
• Contact
• School adjustment
• Social integration

Göçmen Öğrencilerin Uyumlarında Temasın Rolü

Öz

Göçmen bireyler sosyal, ekonomik, politik ve psikolojik birçok problem yaşamaktadır. Bu problemlerin başında ise göçmenlerin göç ettikleri yerde yaşadıkları uyum problemleri gelmektedir. Göçmenlik olgusu kendi içinde birçok farklı göç türünü barındırmaktadır. Bu yüzden bu çalışmada göçmenlik olgusu, bir ülkeden veya bir yerden başka bir ülkeye veya aynı ülkenin içinde farklı bir yere daimi veya geçici göç etmeyi ifade edecek şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmadagöçmen öğrenciler ile kast edilen mülteci/sığınmacı/ekonomik veya başka nedenlerden kaynaklı göç eden öğrencilerin tümü için kullanılmıştır. Bu anlamda bu çalışmanın amacı, göçmen öğrencilerin toplumsal uyumlarında temasın önemini ve göçmen çocuklarına yönelik önyargı ve ayrımcı tutumları düşürmede temasın etkisini inceleyen araştırmaları sistematik bir şekilde incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında 2000 yılı sonrasında göçmen çocukların okula uyumlarına yönelik Web of Science ve DergiPark veri tabanlarında Türkçe ve İngilizce dilllerinde yayımlanmış araştırma makaleleri içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Çalışma bağlamında incelenen 47 makale sonucunda ‘doğrudan temas’ (olumlu ve olumsuz temaslar) ve ‘dolaylı temas’ (e-temas, yayılmacı temas, hayali temas, para-sosyal temsili temas ve kuşaklararası aktarımlı temas) türlerinde araştırmalara rastlanmıştır. Bu çalışmaların çoğunda gruplar arası temasın göçmen çocuklara yönelik önyargıyı, ayrımcı tutumları zayıflatma etkisine bakılmış ve temas türlerinin tümünün göçmen çocuklara yönelik olumsuz tutumları düşürdüğü ve göçmen çocukların uyumunu iyileştirmede önemli bir rolü olabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Mülteci
• Göçmen
• Uyum
• Temas
• Okulda uyum

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