Psychological resilience and initial reactions to the February 6, 2023 Earthquakes in Türkiye: A mixed-methods approach

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the psychological resilience levels and behavioral responses of individuals during and after the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes in Türkiye. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using the Brief Resilience Scale and a personal information form, while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured open-ended questions. A total of 252 participants, aged 16 and over, residing in nine provinces affected by the earthquake were included in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher's Exact Test), while qualitative data were analyzed through inductive content analysis using NVivo software. Data triangulation and expert validation were used to ensure rigor and credibility. The study found that male participants and those who had engaged in pre-earthquake preparedness activities had significantly higher psychological resilience levels (p < .01). It was revealed that 94.8% of the participants had no preparedness, and 64.3% had not received training on earthquake response. Qualitative data showed that many participants reported panic, fear, shock, and unprotected waiting during the tremor. While some individuals attempted protective actions like "Drop-Cover-Hold," the majority fled outside and took shelter in cars, tents, or with relatives due to winter conditions. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings suggests that individuals with prior earthquake preparedness—particularly men—exhibited higher psychological resilience, while the widespread lack of training and preparedness among the majority contributed to panic-driven, unprotected behaviors during the tremor and suboptimal sheltering practices afterward. The findings suggest that gender and prior preparedness are key factors influencing psychological resilience following earthquakes. These results offer valuable insights for disaster policy planners, educators, and mental health professionals working to build community resilience in post-disaster contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Earthquake
• psychological resilience
• reactions in earthquake
• feelings.

Türkiye'de 6 Şubat 2023 depremlerine psikolojik dayanıklılık ve ilk tepkiler: Karma yöntemli bir yaklaşım

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the psychological resilience levels and behavioral responses of individuals during and after the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes in Türkiye. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using the Brief Resilience Scale and a personal information form, while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured open-ended questions. A total of 252 participants, aged 16 and over, residing in nine provinces affected by the earthquake were included in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher's Exact Test), while qualitative data were analyzed through inductive content analysis using NVivo software. Data triangulation and expert validation were used to ensure rigor and credibility. The study found that male participants and those who had engaged in pre-earthquake preparedness activities had significantly higher psychological resilience levels (p < .01). It was revealed that 94.8% of the participants had no preparedness, and 64.3% had not received training on earthquake response. Qualitative data showed that many participants reported panic, fear, shock, and unprotected waiting during the tremor. While some individuals attempted protective actions like "Drop-Cover-Hold," the majority fled outside and took shelter in cars, tents, or with relatives due to winter conditions. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings suggests that individuals with prior earthquake preparedness—particularly men—exhibited higher psychological resilience, while the widespread lack of training and preparedness among the majority contributed to panic-driven, unprotected behaviors during the tremor and suboptimal sheltering practices afterward. The findings suggest that gender and prior preparedness are key factors influencing psychological resilience following earthquakes. These results offer valuable insights for disaster policy planners, educators, and mental health professionals working to build community resilience in post-disaster contexts

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Earthquake
• psychological resilience
• reactions in earthquake
• feelings.

Kaynakça

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