M.Ö. 4. YÜZYIL KARİA İMAR PROGRAMINDA MİMARLAR VE MİMARİ ATÖLYELER

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 663 - 676, 27.11.2018

Öğül Emre Öncü

Öz

ÖZ

M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda
Karia’da, Batı Anadolu’daki diğer bölgelerden farklı biçimde, hızla ekonomik ve
kültürel yükseliş yaşanmıştır. Bunun temel nedeni Hekatomnid Sülale
yönetimidir. Özellikle Maussollos Dönemi’nde, tüm bölgede sayıları
azımsanmayacak kadar çok anıtsal yapılar inşa edilir. Bu yapılar Halikarnassos,
Mylasa, Labraunda, Priene, Kaunos, Alinda gibi farklı yerlerde, yaklaşık
eşzamanlı yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle mimari detaylarında önemli benzerlikler
görülür. Halikarnassos Maussolleion, Labraunda kutsal alanındaki yapılar,
Priene Athena Tapınağı ve Kaunos kaya mezarları mimari açıdan dikkatle
incelendiğinde bunlar açıkça ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu makalede, yukarıda
belirtilen yapılar bu gözle incelenerek, aralarındaki bağlantılar tespit
edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlantılar üzerinden, bölgede ortalama M.Ö. 375-340
yılları arasındaki kısa sürede inşa edilen anıtsal binaların mimarları ve
mimari atölyeleri üzerine bir tez sunulmuştur.

ABSTRACT

Caria had a rapid
economic and cultural rise different from other regions in Western Anatolia in
the 4th c. B.C. The main reason for this was the rule of Hekatomnid dynasty.
There were numerous monumental structures that were constructed during the
reigns of Maussollos and his brother Idrieus. Among them are the Halikarnassos
Maussolleion, Labraunda Zeus and Priene Athena temples, Androns in Labraunda
and the rock tombs of Kaunos that feature similar architectural
characteristics. The buildings which were constructed in different places at
about the same time display architectural similarities in grid system, plan
types, use of architrave soffits and their entablatures. These details are
evident when they are carefully examined from an architectural point of view.
In this article, the above mentioned structures have been evaluated in this
framework and the link between them has been identified. With the help of the
data obtained, a thesis is proposed on the architects and architectural
workshops of monumental buildings in Caria in the period between the years 390
and 340 B.C., a relatively short period of time for such a zoning program.  A brief summary of our proposal is that the
famous architects Pytheos and Satyros, who lived in the 4th c. B.C. , worked on
all of these constructions. Historical records show that these architects were
directly related to the Maussolleion and Priene Athena temple. Other monumental
buildings which were built in the same time frame with the Moussolleion and
Athena temple lead us to think that Pytheos and Satyros were active in all
major projects carried out in the region. As a result, I will explain the
process that is defined as “the new reconstruction program of Caria under the
Hekatomnid Dynasty” while at the same time presenting my interpretations on the
working organization of architectural workshops.

KEYWORDS

Karia/Caria, Arkeoloji/Archaeology, Bodrum/Halikarnasos, Hekatomnidler/Hecatomnid Dynasty, Mausollos/Mausollus

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karia, arkeoloji, pytheos, satyros, halikarnassos, hekatomnidler, hekatomnid dynasty, Caria

Kaynakça

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