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The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Income Inequality: The Validity of Kuznets inverted-U Hypothesis

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 115 - 130, 18.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.272308

Öz

This
study aims to determine effects of economic growth on income inequality by
classifiying countries in terms of their level of development. The validity of
Kuznets’s inverted-U shaped hypothesis is tested for four different panels that
is divided as low and low-middle income countries, upper-middle income
countries, high income countries and all countries. This paper examines that
the relationship between economic growth and income inequality by using data
for the period of 1995-2011 and 94 countries. The evidences support Kuznets’s
hypothesis. Income inequality decreases with economic growth in high income
countries, while it increases in low and low-middle income and upper-middle
income countries. The results indicate that economic growth should be supported
by the policies reducing income inequality.

Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, M.S. (1976), “Inequality, poverty and development”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 3, 307-42.
  • Arellano, M., ve Bover, O. (1995), “Another Look At The İnstrumental Variables Estimation Of Errorcomponents Models”, Journal of Econometrics, C. 68, 29–51.
  • Arrelano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991), "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.", Review of Economic Studies, C. 58, No: 2.
  • Alesina, A., ve Rodrik D., (1994), “Distributive Politics and Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 465–490.
  • Banerjee, A. V., ve Duflo, E. (2003), “Inequality and growth: What can the data say?”, Journal of economic growth, 8(3), 267-299.
  • Barro, R. (2000), ‘‘Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries’’, Journal of Economic Growth C. 5, No: 1, 5–32.
  • Barro, R. J. (2008), “Inequality and growth revisited”, ADB Working paper series on regional economic integration, (No. 11).
  • Bengoa-Calvo, M., ve Sánchez-Robles, B. (2004), “Economic growth and inequality in Latin-American Countries: Some empirical findings”, Available at SSRN 525882.
  • Blundell, R., ve Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions And Moment Restrictions İn Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, C. 87, 115–143.
  • Brussolo, M. E. (2011), “The kuznets hypothesis revisited: Exploring mexican inequality at the sub-national level” (Order No. 3455596), Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (868713427). http://search.proquest.com/docview/868713427?accountid=16716
  • Castelló, A., ve Doménech, R. (2002), “Human capital inequality and economic growth: some new evidence”, The economic journal, 112(478), C187-C200.
  • Chen, B-L. (2003), “An inverted-U relationship between inequality and longrun growth”, Economic Letters, 78(2), 205-212.
  • Dawson, P. (1997), “On testing Kuznets’ economic growth hypothesis”, Applied Economic Letter, Vol. 4 No. 7, 409-10.
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2008), “Küreselleşmenin gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkileri”, İktisat Isletme ve Finans, 23(265), 114-129.
  • Deininger, K. ve Squire, L. (1996), “A new data set measuring income inequality”, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10, 565-91.
  • Forbes, Kristin J. (2000), "A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth." American economic review, 869-887.
  • Huang, H. C. R. (2004), “A flexible nonlinear inference to the Kuznets hypothesis”, Economics Letters, 84(2), 289-296.
  • Khasru, S. M., ve Jalil, M. M. (2004), “Revisiting Kuznets hypothesis: An analysis with time series and panel data”, The Bangladesh Development Studies, 89-112.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955), “Economic Growth and Income Inequality”. The American Economic Review C. 45(1).
  • Kuznets, S. (1963), “Quantitative aspects of economic growth of nations: III, distribution of income by size”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 11, 1-80.
  • Lee, W., ve Roemer, J. E. (1998), Income distribution, redistributive politics, and economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 3(3), 217-240.
  • Li, H., ve Zou H. (1998), "Income inequality is not harmful for growth: theory and evidence." Review of development economics 2.3, 318-334.
  • Malinen T. (2012), Estimating the long-run relationship between income inequality and economic development. Empirical Economics, forthcoming.
  • Ongan, T. H. (2004), “Gelir Eşitsizliği, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ters U Eğrisi”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 54(1), 153.
  • Partridge, Mark D. (1997), "Is inequality harmful for growth? Comment." The American Economic Review 87.5, 1019-1032.
  • Paukert, F. (1973), “Income Distribution at Different Levels of Development: A Survey of Evidence”, International Labour Review 108, 97-125.
  • Persson, T. ve Tabellini, G., (1994), “Is inequality harmful for growth: Theory and evidence”, American Economic Review, 84(3), 600–621.
  • Piketty, T. (2014), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital (Çeviren: Hande Koçak): Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İnceleme/Araştırma, 1.
  • Ram, R. (1989), “Level of Development and Income Inequality: An Extension of Kuznets‐Hypothesis to the World Economy”, Kyklos, 42(1), 73-88.
  • Ram, R. (1997), “Level of economic development and income inequality: evidence from the postwar developed world”, Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 64, 576-83.
  • Shahbaz, M. (2010), “Income inequality-economic growth and non-linearity: a case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Social Economics, 37(8), 613-636.
  • Shin, I., (2012), Income inequality and economic growth. Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2049-2057.
  • Thornton, J. (2001), “The Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis: panel data evidence from 96 countries”, Applied Economics Letters, 8(1), 15-16.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, I., ve Atan, M. (2007), “Türkiye'de Bölgeler Arası Gelişmişlik Düzeyi Ve Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizliği: Kuznets Eğrisi Geçerli Mi?”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 18(65), 25-58.

Ekonomik Büyüme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Kuznets Ters-U Hipotezi’nin Geçerliliği

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 115 - 130, 18.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.272308

Öz





Bu çalışma ülkeleri gelişme seviyelerine
göre sınıflandırarak ekonomik büyümenin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki
etkilerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 
Düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli ülkeler, üst-orta gelirli ülkeler, yüksek
gelirli ülkeler ve tüm ülkeler olmak üzere dört farklı panelde Kuznets’in
ters-U hipotezinin geçerliliği sınanmıştır. Çalışmada ekonomik büyüme ve
gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi 1995-2011 yılları arası verileri kullanılarak 94
ülke için incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları Kuznets hipotezini desteklemektedir.
Düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli ülkeler ile üst-orta gelirli ülkelerde ekonomik
büyüme ile gelir eşitsizliği artarken; yüksek gelirli ülkelerde ekonomik
büyüme ile gelir eşitsizliği azalmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, ekonomik
büyümenin gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmaya yönelik politikalarla desteklenmesi
gerektiğini göstermektedir.


Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, M.S. (1976), “Inequality, poverty and development”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 3, 307-42.
  • Arellano, M., ve Bover, O. (1995), “Another Look At The İnstrumental Variables Estimation Of Errorcomponents Models”, Journal of Econometrics, C. 68, 29–51.
  • Arrelano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991), "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.", Review of Economic Studies, C. 58, No: 2.
  • Alesina, A., ve Rodrik D., (1994), “Distributive Politics and Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 465–490.
  • Banerjee, A. V., ve Duflo, E. (2003), “Inequality and growth: What can the data say?”, Journal of economic growth, 8(3), 267-299.
  • Barro, R. (2000), ‘‘Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries’’, Journal of Economic Growth C. 5, No: 1, 5–32.
  • Barro, R. J. (2008), “Inequality and growth revisited”, ADB Working paper series on regional economic integration, (No. 11).
  • Bengoa-Calvo, M., ve Sánchez-Robles, B. (2004), “Economic growth and inequality in Latin-American Countries: Some empirical findings”, Available at SSRN 525882.
  • Blundell, R., ve Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions And Moment Restrictions İn Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, C. 87, 115–143.
  • Brussolo, M. E. (2011), “The kuznets hypothesis revisited: Exploring mexican inequality at the sub-national level” (Order No. 3455596), Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (868713427). http://search.proquest.com/docview/868713427?accountid=16716
  • Castelló, A., ve Doménech, R. (2002), “Human capital inequality and economic growth: some new evidence”, The economic journal, 112(478), C187-C200.
  • Chen, B-L. (2003), “An inverted-U relationship between inequality and longrun growth”, Economic Letters, 78(2), 205-212.
  • Dawson, P. (1997), “On testing Kuznets’ economic growth hypothesis”, Applied Economic Letter, Vol. 4 No. 7, 409-10.
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2008), “Küreselleşmenin gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkileri”, İktisat Isletme ve Finans, 23(265), 114-129.
  • Deininger, K. ve Squire, L. (1996), “A new data set measuring income inequality”, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10, 565-91.
  • Forbes, Kristin J. (2000), "A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth." American economic review, 869-887.
  • Huang, H. C. R. (2004), “A flexible nonlinear inference to the Kuznets hypothesis”, Economics Letters, 84(2), 289-296.
  • Khasru, S. M., ve Jalil, M. M. (2004), “Revisiting Kuznets hypothesis: An analysis with time series and panel data”, The Bangladesh Development Studies, 89-112.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955), “Economic Growth and Income Inequality”. The American Economic Review C. 45(1).
  • Kuznets, S. (1963), “Quantitative aspects of economic growth of nations: III, distribution of income by size”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 11, 1-80.
  • Lee, W., ve Roemer, J. E. (1998), Income distribution, redistributive politics, and economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 3(3), 217-240.
  • Li, H., ve Zou H. (1998), "Income inequality is not harmful for growth: theory and evidence." Review of development economics 2.3, 318-334.
  • Malinen T. (2012), Estimating the long-run relationship between income inequality and economic development. Empirical Economics, forthcoming.
  • Ongan, T. H. (2004), “Gelir Eşitsizliği, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ters U Eğrisi”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 54(1), 153.
  • Partridge, Mark D. (1997), "Is inequality harmful for growth? Comment." The American Economic Review 87.5, 1019-1032.
  • Paukert, F. (1973), “Income Distribution at Different Levels of Development: A Survey of Evidence”, International Labour Review 108, 97-125.
  • Persson, T. ve Tabellini, G., (1994), “Is inequality harmful for growth: Theory and evidence”, American Economic Review, 84(3), 600–621.
  • Piketty, T. (2014), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital (Çeviren: Hande Koçak): Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İnceleme/Araştırma, 1.
  • Ram, R. (1989), “Level of Development and Income Inequality: An Extension of Kuznets‐Hypothesis to the World Economy”, Kyklos, 42(1), 73-88.
  • Ram, R. (1997), “Level of economic development and income inequality: evidence from the postwar developed world”, Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 64, 576-83.
  • Shahbaz, M. (2010), “Income inequality-economic growth and non-linearity: a case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Social Economics, 37(8), 613-636.
  • Shin, I., (2012), Income inequality and economic growth. Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2049-2057.
  • Thornton, J. (2001), “The Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis: panel data evidence from 96 countries”, Applied Economics Letters, 8(1), 15-16.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, I., ve Atan, M. (2007), “Türkiye'de Bölgeler Arası Gelişmişlik Düzeyi Ve Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizliği: Kuznets Eğrisi Geçerli Mi?”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 18(65), 25-58.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seher Gülşah Topuz

Özcan Dağdemir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Aralık 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Topuz, S. G., & Dağdemir, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Kuznets Ters-U Hipotezi’nin Geçerliliği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(3), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.272308

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