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The Moderating Role of Intrinsic Motivation on the Relationship Between Individualism/Collectivism and Individual Innovativeness

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 1 - 22, 01.06.2013

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the moderating effect of intrinsic motivation on the relationship between individualism/collectivism and individual innovativeness. The study was conducted with 138 university students. The results showed that there is a positive relation between individualism and individual innovativeness and a negative relation between collectivism and individual innovativeness. The moderating role of “interest/enjoyment”, “perceived competence”, ”perceived choice”, “value/usefulness”, “effort/importance” on the relation between individualism and individual innovativeness; and the moderating role of “pressure/tension”, “relatedness” on the relation between collectivism and individual innovativeness were analyzed. Only “perceived competence” has a moderating effect on the positive relationship between individualism and individual innovativeness and “pressure/tension” has a moderating effect on the negative relationship between collectivism and individual innovativeness

Kaynakça

  • Akbaba, S. (2006). “Eğitimde Motivasyon”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 343-361.
  • Bhatnagar, A., Misra, S. & Rao, H.R. (2000). “On Risk, Convenience, and Internet Shopping Beha- vior”, Communications of the ACM, 43(11), 98–106.
  • Boyd, F.B. (2002). “Motivation to Continue: Enhancing Literacy Learning for Struggling Readers and Writers”, Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 18, 257–277.
  • Braak, J. (2001). “Individual Characteristics Influencing Teachers’ Class Use of Computers”, Journal of Educational Computing Research , 25(2), 141-157.
  • Brief, P.A. & Aldag, R.J. (1977). “The Instrinsic-Extrinsic Dichotomy: Toward Conceptual Clarity”, Academy of Management Review, 2(3), 496-500.
  • Cheng, M. H.& K. C. Pang (1997). “Teacher Socialization: Implications fort the design and mana- gement of initial teacher education programmes”, Education & Training, 39(5), 195 – 204.
  • Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., Kim, Y. & Kaplan, U. (2003). “Differentiating Autonomy From Individua- lism and Indepedence: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Internalization of Cultural Orientations and Well-Being”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97-110.
  • Cross, S.E. & Madson, L. (1997). “Models of The Self: Self-Construals and Gender”, Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
  • Çalışkur, A., Demirhan, A. (2013). “İçsel Güdülenme Envanteri Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması”, Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Baskıda).
  • Çarıkçı, İ.H., Koyuncu, O. (2010). “Bireyci-Toplumcu Kültür ve Girişimcilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 1-18.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators”, Academy of Management Journal, 34, 555-590.
  • Deci, E.L. (1971). “Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105-115.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985). “The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self- Determination in Personality”, Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1991). “A Motivational Approach to Self: Integration in Personality”, (Ed: R.A. Dienstbier), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Perspectives on Motivation, 38, 237-288. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (2000). “The ‘‘What’’ and ‘‘Why’’ of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and The Self-Determination of Behavior”, Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.
  • Diener, E. (2009). “The Science of Well-Being”, Social Indicators Research Series, 37, 75-102.
  • Earley, P.C. & Gibson, C.B. (1998). “Taking Stock in Our Progress on Individualism Collectivism: 100 Years of Solidarity and Community”, Journal of Management, 24(3), 265-304.
  • Eisenberg, J. (1999). “How Individualism-Collectivism Moderates The Effects of Rewards on Creati- vity and Innovation: A Comparative Review of Practices in Japan and The US”, Culture, Rewards, and Creativity, 8(4), 251-261.
  • Elliot, A.J., Faler, J., McGregor, H.A., Campbell, W.K., Sedikides, C. & Harackiewicz, J.M. (2000). “Competence Valuation as A Strategic Intrinsic Motivation Process”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(7), 780−794.
  • Ercan, L. (2003). “Motivasyon”, (Ed: L. Küçükahmet). Sınıf Yönetiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Goldberg, M.D. & Cornell, D.G. (1998). “The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Concept on Academic Achievement in Second- and Third-Grade Students”, Journal for Education of the Gifted, 21(2), 179–205.
  • Gottfried, A.E. (1985). “Academic Intrinsic Motivation in Elementary and Junior High School Stu- dents”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(6), 631–645.
  • Hall, M. & Elliott, K.M. (2003). “Diffusion of Technology into The Teaching Process: Strategies to Encourage Faculty Members to Embrace The Laptop Environment”, Journal of Education for Business, 78(6), 301-307.
  • Herron, L. (1992). “Cultivating Corporate Entrepreneurs”, Human Resource Planning, 15(4), 3-14.
  • Hobbes, T. (2012). Leviathan, Çev. Semih Lim, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hofstede, G. (1981). “Culture and Organizations”, International Studies of Management and Or- ganization, 10(4), 15-41.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M.H. (1988). “The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to Economic Growth”, Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 4-21.
  • Hsu, C.L., Lu, H.P. & Hsu, H. (2007). “Adoption of the Mobile Internet: An Empirical Study of Mul- timedia Message Service (MMS)”, International Journal of Management Science, 35(6), 715- 726.
  • Hurt, H.T., Joseph, K. & Cook, C.D. (1977). Scales for The Measurement of Innovativeness”, Hu- man Communication Research, 4(1), 58–65.
  • Izard, C.E. (1977). Human Emotions. New York: Plenum.
  • İmamoğlu, E.O. & Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2004). “Self-Construals and Values in Different Cultu- ral and Socioeconomic Contexts”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 130(4), 277-306.
  • İmamoğlu, E.O., Günaydın, G. & Selçuk, E. (2011). “Özgün Benliğin Yordayıcıları Olarak Kendileş- me ve İlişkililik: Cinsiyetin ve Kültürel Yönelimlerin Ötesinde”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 27- 43.
  • Johnson, T.L. & Hayes, C. (1996). “Wanted: Entrepreneurial Skills”, Black Enterprise, 26(9), 62-63.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2001). İnsan ve Kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). Sketches for a Self-Determination Theory of Values, (Ed: E.L. Deci & R.M. Ryan). Handbook of Self-Determination Research içinde (123−140). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Kılıçer, K. & Odabaşı, H.F. (2010). “Bireysel Yenilikçilik Ölçeği (BYÖ): Türkçe’ye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 150-164.
  • Koçel, T. (2001). İşletme Yöneticiliği, (8. Baskı). İstanbul : Beta Yayınevi.
  • Mahajan, V., Muller, E. & Srivastava, R.K. (1990). "Determinator of Adopter Categories by Using Innovation Diffusion Models", Journal of Marketing Research, 27(1), 37-50.
  • Markus, H.R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). “Culture and Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation”, Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
  • Martinez, E. & Polo, Y. (1998). "The Acceptance and Diffusion of New Consumer Durables: Diffe- rences Between First and Last Adopters", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(4), 323-342.
  • Midgley, D.F. & Dowling, G.R. (1978). "Innovativeness: The Concept and its Measurement", Jour- nal of Consumer Research, 4(4), 229-242.
  • Milkulincer, M. (1994). Human Learned Helplessness: A Coping Perception, New York: Plenum Press.
  • Miller, J.R. (2003). Cross Cultural Motivation Theory: Application to Transplanted Workers. Yayın- lanmamış Doktora Tezi. Florida: Nova Southeastern University.
  • Mitchell, J.V. (1992). “Interrelationships and Predictive Efficacy for Indices of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Self-Assessed Motivation for Learning”, Journal of Research and Development in Educa- tion, 25(3), 149–155.
  • Moneta, G.B. & Siu, C.M.Y. (2002). “Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations, Academic Perfor- mance, and Creativity in Hong Kong College Students”, Journal of College Student Develop- ment, 43, 664-683.
  • Oyserman, D., Coon, H.M. & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). “Rethinking Individualism and Collecti- vism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-Analyses”, Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3-72.
  • Özbakış, M.A. (2001). Yatay-dikey bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk değerlerinin ekip çalışması üzerine etkileri. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensti- tüsü.
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Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 1 - 22, 01.06.2013

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı bireycilik/toplulukçuluk ile bireysel yenilikçilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişkide içsel motivasyonun etkisini incelemektir. 138 üniversite öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın bulgularına göre bireycilik ile bireysel yenilikçilik arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif; toplulukçuluk ile bireysel yenilikçilik arasında anlamlı düzeyde negatif ilişki vardır. Araştırmanın temel amacı doğrultusunda içsel motivasyonun yedi alt boyutundan, “ilgi duyma/hoşlanma”, “algılanan yeterlilik”, ”algılanan seçme hakkı”, “değer/fayda”, “çaba/önem” boyutlarının, bireycilik ile bireysel yenilikçilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişki üzerindeki etkileri ve “baskı/gerilim”, “olumsuz iş algısı” boyutlarının toplulukçuluk ile bireysel yenilikçilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişki üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre içsel motivasyonun yalnızca “algılanan yeterlilik” boyutunun, bireycilik ile bireysel yenilikçilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişkiyi güçlendirdiği ortaya konmuştur. Toplulukçuluk ile bireysel yenilikçilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişkide içsel motivasyonun yalnızca “baskı/gerilim” boyutunun güçlendirici etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Akbaba, S. (2006). “Eğitimde Motivasyon”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 343-361.
  • Bhatnagar, A., Misra, S. & Rao, H.R. (2000). “On Risk, Convenience, and Internet Shopping Beha- vior”, Communications of the ACM, 43(11), 98–106.
  • Boyd, F.B. (2002). “Motivation to Continue: Enhancing Literacy Learning for Struggling Readers and Writers”, Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 18, 257–277.
  • Braak, J. (2001). “Individual Characteristics Influencing Teachers’ Class Use of Computers”, Journal of Educational Computing Research , 25(2), 141-157.
  • Brief, P.A. & Aldag, R.J. (1977). “The Instrinsic-Extrinsic Dichotomy: Toward Conceptual Clarity”, Academy of Management Review, 2(3), 496-500.
  • Cheng, M. H.& K. C. Pang (1997). “Teacher Socialization: Implications fort the design and mana- gement of initial teacher education programmes”, Education & Training, 39(5), 195 – 204.
  • Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., Kim, Y. & Kaplan, U. (2003). “Differentiating Autonomy From Individua- lism and Indepedence: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Internalization of Cultural Orientations and Well-Being”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97-110.
  • Cross, S.E. & Madson, L. (1997). “Models of The Self: Self-Construals and Gender”, Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
  • Çalışkur, A., Demirhan, A. (2013). “İçsel Güdülenme Envanteri Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması”, Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Baskıda).
  • Çarıkçı, İ.H., Koyuncu, O. (2010). “Bireyci-Toplumcu Kültür ve Girişimcilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 1-18.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators”, Academy of Management Journal, 34, 555-590.
  • Deci, E.L. (1971). “Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105-115.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985). “The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self- Determination in Personality”, Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1991). “A Motivational Approach to Self: Integration in Personality”, (Ed: R.A. Dienstbier), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Perspectives on Motivation, 38, 237-288. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska.
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (2000). “The ‘‘What’’ and ‘‘Why’’ of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and The Self-Determination of Behavior”, Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.
  • Diener, E. (2009). “The Science of Well-Being”, Social Indicators Research Series, 37, 75-102.
  • Earley, P.C. & Gibson, C.B. (1998). “Taking Stock in Our Progress on Individualism Collectivism: 100 Years of Solidarity and Community”, Journal of Management, 24(3), 265-304.
  • Eisenberg, J. (1999). “How Individualism-Collectivism Moderates The Effects of Rewards on Creati- vity and Innovation: A Comparative Review of Practices in Japan and The US”, Culture, Rewards, and Creativity, 8(4), 251-261.
  • Elliot, A.J., Faler, J., McGregor, H.A., Campbell, W.K., Sedikides, C. & Harackiewicz, J.M. (2000). “Competence Valuation as A Strategic Intrinsic Motivation Process”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(7), 780−794.
  • Ercan, L. (2003). “Motivasyon”, (Ed: L. Küçükahmet). Sınıf Yönetiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Goldberg, M.D. & Cornell, D.G. (1998). “The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Concept on Academic Achievement in Second- and Third-Grade Students”, Journal for Education of the Gifted, 21(2), 179–205.
  • Gottfried, A.E. (1985). “Academic Intrinsic Motivation in Elementary and Junior High School Stu- dents”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(6), 631–645.
  • Hall, M. & Elliott, K.M. (2003). “Diffusion of Technology into The Teaching Process: Strategies to Encourage Faculty Members to Embrace The Laptop Environment”, Journal of Education for Business, 78(6), 301-307.
  • Herron, L. (1992). “Cultivating Corporate Entrepreneurs”, Human Resource Planning, 15(4), 3-14.
  • Hobbes, T. (2012). Leviathan, Çev. Semih Lim, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hofstede, G. (1981). “Culture and Organizations”, International Studies of Management and Or- ganization, 10(4), 15-41.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M.H. (1988). “The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to Economic Growth”, Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 4-21.
  • Hsu, C.L., Lu, H.P. & Hsu, H. (2007). “Adoption of the Mobile Internet: An Empirical Study of Mul- timedia Message Service (MMS)”, International Journal of Management Science, 35(6), 715- 726.
  • Hurt, H.T., Joseph, K. & Cook, C.D. (1977). Scales for The Measurement of Innovativeness”, Hu- man Communication Research, 4(1), 58–65.
  • Izard, C.E. (1977). Human Emotions. New York: Plenum.
  • İmamoğlu, E.O. & Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2004). “Self-Construals and Values in Different Cultu- ral and Socioeconomic Contexts”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 130(4), 277-306.
  • İmamoğlu, E.O., Günaydın, G. & Selçuk, E. (2011). “Özgün Benliğin Yordayıcıları Olarak Kendileş- me ve İlişkililik: Cinsiyetin ve Kültürel Yönelimlerin Ötesinde”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 27- 43.
  • Johnson, T.L. & Hayes, C. (1996). “Wanted: Entrepreneurial Skills”, Black Enterprise, 26(9), 62-63.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2001). İnsan ve Kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). Sketches for a Self-Determination Theory of Values, (Ed: E.L. Deci & R.M. Ryan). Handbook of Self-Determination Research içinde (123−140). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Kılıçer, K. & Odabaşı, H.F. (2010). “Bireysel Yenilikçilik Ölçeği (BYÖ): Türkçe’ye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 150-164.
  • Koçel, T. (2001). İşletme Yöneticiliği, (8. Baskı). İstanbul : Beta Yayınevi.
  • Mahajan, V., Muller, E. & Srivastava, R.K. (1990). "Determinator of Adopter Categories by Using Innovation Diffusion Models", Journal of Marketing Research, 27(1), 37-50.
  • Markus, H.R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). “Culture and Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation”, Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
  • Martinez, E. & Polo, Y. (1998). "The Acceptance and Diffusion of New Consumer Durables: Diffe- rences Between First and Last Adopters", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(4), 323-342.
  • Midgley, D.F. & Dowling, G.R. (1978). "Innovativeness: The Concept and its Measurement", Jour- nal of Consumer Research, 4(4), 229-242.
  • Milkulincer, M. (1994). Human Learned Helplessness: A Coping Perception, New York: Plenum Press.
  • Miller, J.R. (2003). Cross Cultural Motivation Theory: Application to Transplanted Workers. Yayın- lanmamış Doktora Tezi. Florida: Nova Southeastern University.
  • Mitchell, J.V. (1992). “Interrelationships and Predictive Efficacy for Indices of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Self-Assessed Motivation for Learning”, Journal of Research and Development in Educa- tion, 25(3), 149–155.
  • Moneta, G.B. & Siu, C.M.Y. (2002). “Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations, Academic Perfor- mance, and Creativity in Hong Kong College Students”, Journal of College Student Develop- ment, 43, 664-683.
  • Oyserman, D., Coon, H.M. & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). “Rethinking Individualism and Collecti- vism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-Analyses”, Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3-72.
  • Özbakış, M.A. (2001). Yatay-dikey bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk değerlerinin ekip çalışması üzerine etkileri. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensti- tüsü.
  • Özdaşlı, K. & Akman, H. (2012). “İçsel ve Dışsal Motivasyonda Cinsiyet ve Örgütsel Statü Farklılaş- ması: Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş. Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Süleyman Demirel Üni- versitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 4(7), 73-81.
  • Pretty, G.H. & Seligman, C. (1984). “Affect and The Overjustification Effect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1241–1253.
  • Reeve, J., Cole, S.G. & Olson, B.C. (1986). “Adding Excitement to Intrinsic Motivation Research”, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1, 349–363.
  • Reeve, J. (2002). Self-Determination Theory Applied to Educational Settings, (Ed: E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan). Handbook on Self-Determination Research: Theoretical and Applied Issues içinde (183- 203). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Robbins, S.P. (1993). Organizational Behavior, (6. Baskı). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Roberts, B.W. & Helson, R. (1997). “Changes in Culture, Changes in Personality: The Influence of Individualism in A Longitudinal Study of Women”, Journal of Personality and Social Psycho- logy, 72(3), 641-651.
  • Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, (5. Baskı). New York: Free Press.
  • Ryan, R.M. (1982). “Control and Information in The Intrapersonal Sphere: An Extension of Cogniti- ve Evaluation Theory”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
  • Ryan, R.M., Mims, V. & Koestner, R. (1983). “Relation of Reward Contingency and Interpersonal Context to Intrinsic Motivation: A Review and Test Using Cognitive Evaluation Theory”, Jour- nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 736-750.
  • Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L. (2000). “Self-Determination Theory and The Facilitation of Intrinsic Motiva- tion, Social Development, and Well-Being”, American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
  • Sahin, I. & Thompson, A. (2006). “Using Rogers’ Theory to Interpret Instructional Computer Use By COE Faculty”, Journal Research Technology in Education, 39(1), 81-104.
  • Seçer, B. & Çınar, E. (2011). “Bireycilik ve Yeni Kariyer Yönelimleri”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2), 49-62.
  • Seidler, V.J. (1986). Kant, Respect and Injustice, London:Routledge.
  • Sheldon, K.M., Bettencourt, B.A. (2002). “Psychological Needs and Subjective Well-Being in Social Groups”, British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38.
  • Summers, J.O. (1971). "Generalized Change Agents and Innovativeness", Journal of Marketing Research, 8(3), 313-316.
  • Ton, A. (2008). Bireycilik–toplulukçuluk ve güvenin işyerinde güçlendirmeye olan etkileri. Yayınlan- mamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Triandis, H.C. & Suh, E.M. (2002). ”Cultural Influences on Personality”, Annual Review of Psycho- logy, 53, 133-160.
  • Tushman, M. & Nadler, D. (1986). "Organizing for Innovation", California Management Review, 28(3), 74–92.
  • Vallerand, R.J. & Bissonnette, R. (1992). “Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivational Styles As Predictors of Behavior: A Prospective Study”, Journal of Personality, 60, 599–620.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G., Blais, M.R., Briere, N.M., Senecal, C. & Vallieres, E.F. (1992). “The Academic Motivation Scale: A Measure of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation in Education”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 1003−1017.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G., Blais, M.R., Briere, N.M., Senecal, C., & Vallieres, E.F. (1993). “On The Assessment of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation in Education: Evidence on The Concur- rent and Construct Validity of The Academic Motivation Scale”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 159–172.
  • Vallerand, R.J. (1997). “Toward a Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”. Advan- ces in Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 271–360.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Fortier, M.S. & Guay, F. (1997). “Self-Determination and Persistence in A Real-Life Setting: Toward A Motivational Model of High School Dropout”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1161-1176.
  • Véronneau, M.H., Koestner, R.F. & Abela, J.R.Z. (2005). “Intrinsic Need Satisfaction and Well- Being in Children and Adolescents: An application of The Self-Determination Theory”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 280-292.
  • Voronov, M. & Singer, J.A. (2002). “The Myth of Individualism-Collectivism: A Critical Review”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(4), 461-480.
  • Williams, B. (2003). “The Worldview Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism Implications for Counseling”, Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 370-374.
  • Yuan, F. & Woodman, R.W. (2010). “Innovative Behavior in The Workplace: The Role of Perfor- mance and Image Outcome Expectations”, Academic Management Journal, 53(2), 323-342.
  • Zaltman, J., Duncan, R. & Holbeck, J. (1973). Innovations and Organizations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Zeichner, K.M. & Tabachnick, B.R. (1985). “The Development of Teacher Perspectives: Social Strategies and Institutional Control in The Socialization of Beginning Teachers”, Journal of Education of Teaching, 11(1), 1-25.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Oktuğ Bu kişi benim

Melis Seray Özden Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Oktuğ, Z., & Özden, M. S. (2013). Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 1-22.
AMA Oktuğ Z, Özden MS. Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Haziran 2013;14(2):1-22.
Chicago Oktuğ, Zeynep, ve Melis Seray Özden. “Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk Ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14, sy. 2 (Haziran 2013): 1-22.
EndNote Oktuğ Z, Özden MS (01 Haziran 2013) Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 2 1–22.
IEEE Z. Oktuğ ve M. S. Özden, “Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, ss. 1–22, 2013.
ISNAD Oktuğ, Zeynep - Özden, Melis Seray. “Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk Ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14/2 (Haziran 2013), 1-22.
JAMA Oktuğ Z, Özden MS. Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;14:1–22.
MLA Oktuğ, Zeynep ve Melis Seray Özden. “Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk Ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 1-22.
Vancouver Oktuğ Z, Özden MS. Bireycilik/Toplulukçuluk ile Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişkide İçsel Motivasyonun Biçimlendirici Rolü. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;14(2):1-22.