Yeni İpek Yolunun kıtalar arası demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığına etkisi: PESTLE analizi

Öz

Son yıllarda Tarihi İpek Yolunun canlandırılması girişimlerinin de etkisiyle demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığı Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki ticarette önemli rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Özellikle, Çin'in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (BRI) kıtalararası demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığının büyümesinde güçlü bir itici güç oluşturmuş ve olumlu etkisi değeri yüksek ve sermaye yoğun malların taşınmasında belirginleşmiştir. Demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığı, hava ve karayolu taşımacılığına kıyasla daha düşük maliyetle ve daha yüksek kapasitede, deniz taşımacılığından daha kısa sürede teslim hizmeti sunmaktadır. Bu özellikler demiryolu yük taşımacılığının bir pazar nişini doldurmasını ve diğer kıtalararası taşımacılık türleri ile rekabet etmesini sağlamaktadır. Demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığı küresel trendler, makroekonomik gelişmeler, teknolojik ilerlemeler, altyapıdaki yenilikler, uluslararası işbirlikleri, yasal ve çevresel düzenlemeler gibi çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle, Yeni İpek Yolu üzerinde önemli bir konumda olan Türkiye’nin demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığında karşı karşıya kaldığı fırsatlar ve tehditlerin detaylı analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çin'den başlayıp Türkiye'den geçerek Avrupa'ya ulaşan Orta Koridor’a odaklanarak kıtalar arası demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığının gelişmesine yönelik fırsat ve tehditleri PESTLE analizi ile ortaya koymak, ayrıca Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi(BRI)’nin kıtalar arası demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığına etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma amaçları doğrultusunda farklı kaynaklardan literatür taraması yapılarak keşifsel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçları demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığının gelişmesine yönelik fırsatların tehditlerden daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığı
• Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi
• PESTLE
• Avrasya
• Orta Koridor

The effect of new silk road on intercontinental container transport by rail: PESTLE analysis

Abstract

In recent years railway container transport has increased significantly between Europe and Asia with the effect of the initiatives to revitalize the Historical Silk Road. Especially, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of China has given a strong impetus and a positive trend in the growth of intercontinental railway container transport becomes especially apparent in the transport of high value and capital-intensive goods. Railway container transport offers lower cost and higher capacity compared to air and road freight and shorter delivery time than maritime container transport. Railway container transport is influenced by various factors such as global trends, macroeconomic developments, technological advances, innovations in infrastructure, international collaborations, legal and environmental regulations. This paper aims to summarize the opportunities and threats towards the improvement and expansion of intercontinental railway container transport focusing specifically on the Middle Corridor which starts from China, passes through Turkey towards Europe and also to highlight the effects of the BRI by using PESTLE. To accomplish the objectives, exploratory research was carried out by searching the literature from different sources. The analysis results show that the opportunities for the development of railway container transport are more than threats.

Keywords

• Railway Container Transport
• Belt and Road Initiative
• PESTLE

Kaynakça

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