Avar Kağanlığı'nın iktisadi tarihi

Ünal Eryılmaz

doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.929734

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Avar Kağanlığı'nın iktisadi tarihi

Öz

6.ile 8 yüzyıllar arasında hüküm süren Avarlar, Orta Çağ Avrupası’nın tarihini ve kaderini belirlemişlerdir.Avarların kendilerine ait günümüze ulaşan yazılı metinlerin olmayışı Avar tarihinin aydınlatılmasındayerleşim yeri ve mezar yeri arkeolojik çalışmalarını çok daha önemli kılmaktadır. Avarlar konusunda pek çokakademik çalışma bulunmakla birlikte Avarların iktisadi hayatı ve faaliyetleri üzerine odaklanmış çalışmalaryok denecek düzeydedir. Bu çalışmada, Avar ekonomisinin başlıca yapı taşlarını oluşturan sektörler olaraksavaş ekonomisi, tarım ve hayvancılık, ticaret, madencilik ve metal işleme ile çömlekçilik sektörleri detaylı birşekilde incelenmiştir. Erken dönemde göçebe yaşam tarzına özgü yağma ve savaş ekonomisinin yanı sırakonar-göçer hayvancılıkla uğraşan Avarların bilhassa bitkisel gıda, gündelik eşyalar ve tekstil ürünlerindeçevre kabilelere bağımlı oldukları gözlenmiştir. Erken dönemin sonlarından itibaren kademeli olarak yarıgöçebe-yarı yerleşik hayata geçişle birlikte ev ekonomisi şeklinde başlayan bazı zanaatların zamanla yerel vebölgesel üretime dönük faaliyetlere dönüştüğü ve sınırlı bir toplumsal iş bölümünün ortaya çıktığıgörülmektedir. Tuz, çömlek ve hayvan ticaretinin de Avar ekonomisinde önemli bir yer tuttuğu, dahası Avarfetihlerinde ticari saiklerin önemli bir motif olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Avar mezarlarına konulan eşyalarınincelenmesinden toplumsal katmanlaşmanın var olduğu ve yerleşik hayata geçişle birlikte söz konusukatmanlaşmanın daha da belirginleştiği değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avar, Bizans, Frank, Orta Çağ, Ekonomik Arkeoloji

Economic history of Avar Khaganate

Öz

The Avars, who ruled between the 6th and 8th centuries, determined the history and fate of Medieval Europe. The absence of surviving written texts of the Avars makes the archaeological studies of the settlement and burial place important in enlightening the history of Avar. In this study, the war economy, agriculture and livestock, trade, mining and metalworking, and pottery sectors are examined in detail, which are the main building blocks of the Avar economy. In the early period, it was observed that Avars, who were engaged in looting and war economy peculiar to the nomadic lifestyle, as well as nomadic livestock, were especially dependent on the surrounding tribes for plant food, daily goods, and textile products. It is seen that some crafts that started as a home economy with the gradual transition to semi-nomadic-semi-sedentary life from the end of the early period turned into activities for local and regional production over time. It is understood that the trade of salt, pottery, and animals occupies an important place in the Avar economy. From the examination of the items placed in the Avar tombs, it is evaluated that there is social stratification and this stratification becomes more evident with the transition to settled life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avars, Byzantine, Franks, Middle Age, Economic archaeology.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Ünal Eryılmaz ^*
0000-0002-9056-4963
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Nisan 2021

Kabul Tarihi

29 Mayıs 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.929734

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85YL76BR

APA

Eryılmaz, Ü. (2021). Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1091-1108. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.929734

AMA

1.Eryılmaz Ü. Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi. ÖHÜİİBFD. 2021;14(3):1091-1108. doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.929734

Chicago

Eryılmaz, Ünal. 2021. “Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14 (3): 1091-1108. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.929734.

EndNote

Eryılmaz Ü (01 Temmuz 2021) Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14 3 1091–1108.

IEEE

[1]Ü. Eryılmaz, “Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi”, ÖHÜİİBFD, c. 14, sy 3, ss. 1091–1108, Tem. 2021, doi: 10.25287/ohuiibf.929734.

ISNAD

Eryılmaz, Ünal. “Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14/3 (01 Temmuz 2021): 1091-1108. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.929734.

JAMA

1.Eryılmaz Ü. Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi. ÖHÜİİBFD. 2021;14:1091–1108.

MLA

Eryılmaz, Ünal. “Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 14, sy 3, Temmuz 2021, ss. 1091-08, doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.929734.

Vancouver

1.Ünal Eryılmaz. Avar Kağanlığı’nın iktisadi tarihi. ÖHÜİİBFD. 01 Temmuz 2021;14(3):1091-108. doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.929734