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GENEL İŞVEREN MARKASI ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 825 - 836, 01.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1685955

Öz

İşletmelerin çalışan adaylarını çekmesi ve mevcut çalışanların tutundurulması için sahip olduğu en önemli varlıklardan biri olan işveren markalarının başarılı biçimde yönetilmesi sürecinin temel aşamalarından biri, ölçülmesidir. Yazında işveren markası araştırmalarının, farklı odak eğilimleriyle gerek işletmeye/sektöre özgü gerekse içeriye çalışanlara veya dışarıya çalışan adaylarına yönelik geliştirilmiş olan işveren markası ölçekleriyle toplanan verilerle yürütüldüğü görülmektedir. Spesifik bir alana (sektör, işletme, çalışanlar ya da adaylar) yönelik bir ölçüm aracı, işletmeye özgü özellik ve yeteneklerin ayrıntılı ölçülmesi ve zamanla değişimlerin takip edilmesinde yararlı olabilir. Diğer yandan bu tür ölçümlerin diğer işletmelerle kıyaslama yapabilmek için önemli kısıtları olabilir. Başka işletmelerle karşılaştırılabilir bir işveren markası ölçümü yapılabilmesi işletmenin arzuladığı konumun yanında diğerleriyle beraber değerlendirildiğinde gerçekte algılanan konumu hakkında faydalı bilgiler sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada genel bir işveren markası ölçeği geliştirmek amacıyla yürütülen araştırma süreci açıklanmıştır. Çalışma sürecinde odak grup çalışması, pilot araştırma yapılmış ve toplam 319 katılımcıdan toplanan iki farklı işletmeye yönelik iki ayrı nicel veri seti kullanılarak istatistiksel analizler uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin bulguları ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir psikometrik özelliklerinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda işveren markasını 6 madde ve tek boyutta ölçebildiği değerlendirilen “Genel İşveren Markası Ölçeği” ortaya konulmuştur.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın tüm hazırlanma süreçlerinde etik kurallara uyulduğunu yazarlar beyan eder. Aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde ÖHÜİİBF Dergisinin hiçbir sorumluluğu olmayıp, tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarına aittir.

Teşekkür

Yayın sürecinde katkısı olan hakemlere ve editör kuruluna teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Ambler, T. & Barrow, S. (1996). The employer brand. Journal of Brand Management, 4(3), 185—206.
  • Backhaus, K. (2016). Employer branding revisited. Organization Management Journal, 13(4), 193—201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2016.1245128
  • Backhaus, K., & Tikoo, S. (2004). Conceptualizing and researching employer branding. Career Development International, 9(5), 501—517.
  • Baş, T. (2011). İşveren markası, İstanbul, Optimist.
  • Berthon, P., Ewing, M., & Lian Hah, L. (2005) Captivating company: dimensions of attractiveness in employer branding, International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 24(2), 151— 172
  • Bondarouk, T., Ruël, H., & Weekhout, W. (2012). Employer Branding and its Effect on Organizational Attractiveness via the World Wide Web: Results of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies Combined. 4th International e-HRM Conference Innovation, Creativity and e-HRM, Nottingham Trent University.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (12’nci Baskı). Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233—255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  • Chun, R. (2005). Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Review, 7(2), 91—109.
  • Cudeck, R., & Browne, M. W. (1983). Cross-validation of covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147—167.
  • Dural, S., Aslan, G., Alinçe, M., & Araza, A. (2014). Örgütsel çekicilik: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 15(2), 141-154.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39—50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Gamble, P. R., Tapp, A., Marsella, A., & Stone, M. (2007). Revolutionizing the company by living the brand, Marketing revolution: The radical new approach to transforming the business, the bottom line, London, Kogan Page.
  • Güler, M. & Basım, H. N. (2018) İşveren markası, örgütsel çekicilik ve organizasyona katılma niyeti ilişkisi: Görgül bir araştırma. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(21), 3659—3673.
  • Grigore, G., Chapleo, C., Homberg, F., Alniacik, U., & Stancu, A. (2023). Employer branding dimensions: An adapted scale for Eastern Europe. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 32(4), 447—466. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2023.2241460
  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159—170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). PrenticeHall.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variancebased structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Highhouse, S., Lievens, F., & Sinar, E. F. (2003). Measuring attraction to organizations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(6), 986—1001.
  • Hu, L‐T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1—55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Itam, U., Misra, S. and Anjum, H. (2020), HRD indicators and branding practices: a viewpoint on the employer brand building process. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 675—694. doi: 10.1108/EJTD-05-2019-0072.
  • Kadıbeşegil, S. (2007). İtibar yönetimi (Üçüncü Basım), İstanbul, Kapital Medya.
  • Kalinska-Kula, M., & Staniec, I. (2021). Employer Branding and Organizational Attractiveness: Current Employees’ Perspective, European Research Studies Journal, XXIV(1), 583—603.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (Third Edition). New York: The Gouilford Press.
  • Lievens, F., & Highhouse, S. (2003). The relation of instrumental and symbolic attributes to a company's attractiveness as an employer. Personnel Psychology, 53, 75—102.
  • Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G., & Anseel, F. (2007). Organizational identity and employer image: towards a unifying framework. British Journal of Management, 18, 45—59.
  • Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G., & Schreurs, B. (2005). Examining the relationship between employer knowledge dimensions and organizational attractiveness: An application in a military context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 553—571.
  • Nanjundeswaraswamy, T.S., Bharath, S., & Nagesh, P. (2025). Employer branding: design and development of a scale. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 41(1), 88—113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS01-2022-0012
  • Oluç, M. (2006). Temel Pazarlama Kavramları, İstanbul, Beta Basım.
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental review: DR, 41, 71—90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
  • Tan, Ş., & Pektaş, S. (2022). Examining the invariance of a measurement model by using the covariance structure approach. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(2), 27—39. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.756865
  • Tanwar, K., & Prasad, A. (2017), "Employer brand scale development and validation: a second-order factor approach", Personnel Review, 46(2), 389—409. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2015-0065
  • Van Hoye, G., Bas, T., Cromheecke, S., & Lievens, F. (2013), The instrumental and symbolic dimensions of organisations' image as an employer: a large-scale field study on employer branding in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 62, 543—557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00495.x

GENERAL EMPLOYER BRAND SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 825 - 836, 01.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1685955

Öz

One of the fundamental stages of the process of successfully managing employer brands, which are one of the most important assets that businesses have to attract employee candidates and retain their current employees, is to measure the employer brand. In the literature, it is seen that employer brand studies are conducted with data collected using employer branding scales developed for different focal tendencies, either specific to the organization/industry or for internal employees or external employee candidates. A measurement tool for a specific area (sector, business, employees, or candidates) can be useful in measuring the characteristics and capabilities specific to the business in detail and in tracking changes over time. On the other hand, such measurements may have significant limitations compared to other businesses. Being able to make an employer brand measurement that is comparable to other businesses can provide useful information about the desired position of the business as well as its actual perceived position when evaluated together with others. The present study methodically details the research process undertaken to develop a general employer brand scale. The research process involved a focus group study, pilot research, and statistical analysis using two separate sets of quantitative data for two different companies, collected from a total of 319 participants. The findings of the analyses showed that the scale has valid and reliable psychometric properties. Consequently, the "General Employer Brand Scale" was developed as a result of the study, which is regarded as a measurement tool for the employer brand with six items and one dimension.

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that ethical rules were followed in all preparation processes of this study. In case of detection of a contrary situation, OHUIIBF Journal has no responsibility, all responsibility belongs to the author(s) of the study.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board who contributed to the publication process.

Kaynakça

  • Ambler, T. & Barrow, S. (1996). The employer brand. Journal of Brand Management, 4(3), 185—206.
  • Backhaus, K. (2016). Employer branding revisited. Organization Management Journal, 13(4), 193—201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2016.1245128
  • Backhaus, K., & Tikoo, S. (2004). Conceptualizing and researching employer branding. Career Development International, 9(5), 501—517.
  • Baş, T. (2011). İşveren markası, İstanbul, Optimist.
  • Berthon, P., Ewing, M., & Lian Hah, L. (2005) Captivating company: dimensions of attractiveness in employer branding, International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 24(2), 151— 172
  • Bondarouk, T., Ruël, H., & Weekhout, W. (2012). Employer Branding and its Effect on Organizational Attractiveness via the World Wide Web: Results of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies Combined. 4th International e-HRM Conference Innovation, Creativity and e-HRM, Nottingham Trent University.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (12’nci Baskı). Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233—255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  • Chun, R. (2005). Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Review, 7(2), 91—109.
  • Cudeck, R., & Browne, M. W. (1983). Cross-validation of covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147—167.
  • Dural, S., Aslan, G., Alinçe, M., & Araza, A. (2014). Örgütsel çekicilik: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 15(2), 141-154.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39—50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Gamble, P. R., Tapp, A., Marsella, A., & Stone, M. (2007). Revolutionizing the company by living the brand, Marketing revolution: The radical new approach to transforming the business, the bottom line, London, Kogan Page.
  • Güler, M. & Basım, H. N. (2018) İşveren markası, örgütsel çekicilik ve organizasyona katılma niyeti ilişkisi: Görgül bir araştırma. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(21), 3659—3673.
  • Grigore, G., Chapleo, C., Homberg, F., Alniacik, U., & Stancu, A. (2023). Employer branding dimensions: An adapted scale for Eastern Europe. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 32(4), 447—466. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2023.2241460
  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159—170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). PrenticeHall.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variancebased structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Highhouse, S., Lievens, F., & Sinar, E. F. (2003). Measuring attraction to organizations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(6), 986—1001.
  • Hu, L‐T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1—55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Itam, U., Misra, S. and Anjum, H. (2020), HRD indicators and branding practices: a viewpoint on the employer brand building process. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 675—694. doi: 10.1108/EJTD-05-2019-0072.
  • Kadıbeşegil, S. (2007). İtibar yönetimi (Üçüncü Basım), İstanbul, Kapital Medya.
  • Kalinska-Kula, M., & Staniec, I. (2021). Employer Branding and Organizational Attractiveness: Current Employees’ Perspective, European Research Studies Journal, XXIV(1), 583—603.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (Third Edition). New York: The Gouilford Press.
  • Lievens, F., & Highhouse, S. (2003). The relation of instrumental and symbolic attributes to a company's attractiveness as an employer. Personnel Psychology, 53, 75—102.
  • Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G., & Anseel, F. (2007). Organizational identity and employer image: towards a unifying framework. British Journal of Management, 18, 45—59.
  • Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G., & Schreurs, B. (2005). Examining the relationship between employer knowledge dimensions and organizational attractiveness: An application in a military context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 553—571.
  • Nanjundeswaraswamy, T.S., Bharath, S., & Nagesh, P. (2025). Employer branding: design and development of a scale. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 41(1), 88—113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS01-2022-0012
  • Oluç, M. (2006). Temel Pazarlama Kavramları, İstanbul, Beta Basım.
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental review: DR, 41, 71—90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
  • Tan, Ş., & Pektaş, S. (2022). Examining the invariance of a measurement model by using the covariance structure approach. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(2), 27—39. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.756865
  • Tanwar, K., & Prasad, A. (2017), "Employer brand scale development and validation: a second-order factor approach", Personnel Review, 46(2), 389—409. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2015-0065
  • Van Hoye, G., Bas, T., Cromheecke, S., & Lievens, F. (2013), The instrumental and symbolic dimensions of organisations' image as an employer: a large-scale field study on employer branding in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 62, 543—557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00495.x
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İnsan Kaynakları ve Endüstriyel İlişkiler (Diğer), İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Güler 0000-0001-7370-2976

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, M. (2025). GENEL İŞVEREN MARKASI ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 825-836. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1685955
Creative Commons Lisansı
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