Araştırma Makalesi
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Music teacher candidates’ perception of problem-solving skills: A sample from Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 983 - 1001, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31811/ojomus.1690956

Öz

This study aimed to examine the perceptions of prospective music teachers regarding their problem-solving skills (PSS) and to assess whether these perceptions vary based on factors such as gender, age, type of high school graduated from, academic level, instrument played, and perceived proficiency on their instrument. The research utilized a relational screening model, which is a quantitative research method. The study group consisted of 94 music teacher candidates enrolled at a university in Konya during the 2020–2021 academic year. Data collection tools included the “Problem Solving Inventory” developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982), which was adapted to Turkish by Şahin et al. (1993) and a “Personal Information Form” created by the researcher. The inventory is a self-report scale designed to measure problem-solving abilities, and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for the entire scale in this study was found to be .92. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, employing techniques such as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The results indicated that the perception of music teacher candidates regarding their problem-solving skills was at a medium level. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found in these perceptions based on the variables of gender, age, type of high school graduated from, academic level, instrument played, or perceived instrument proficiency.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, J. (2000). Karar verme ve problem çözme (N. Kalaycı, Trans.). Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Afacan, Ş., & Kaya, E. (2022). Investigating problem-solving skills of students having professional music training in terms of multiple variables. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 8(1), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.1.117
  • Arıcı, İ. (2015). The relation between the academic achievement in the harmony course and the problem–solving skills of the students in department of music education. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(3), 671-679. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279145
  • Bağçeci, B., & Kinay, İ. (2013). Öğretmenlerin problem çözme becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 335-347. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/issue/6158/82777
  • Bingham, A. (1971). Çocuklarda problem çözme yeteneklerinin geliştirilmesi (F. Oğuzkan, Trans.; 1st ed.). Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Çakmak, M., & Ercan, L. (2018). The investigation of teacher candidates’attitudes towards teaching profession and problem solving skills. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 29-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ufuksbedergi/issue/57468/815045
  • Çeşit, C. (2017). Investigation of social problem solving skills of undergraduate students in vocational music training. Akademik Müzik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5578/amrj.32184
  • Çevik, D. B. (2011). Poblem solving skills of pre-service music teachers based on various variables. Kastamonu Education Journal, 19(3), 1003-1012. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/49049/625742
  • Çevik, D. B., & Özmaden, M. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerileri. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 258-263. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/32.cevik.pdf
  • Çınar, O., Hatunoğlu, A., & Hatunoğlu, Y. (2009). Öğretmenlerin problem çözme becerileri. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 215-226.
  • Çolpan Kuru, B. (2021). Problem çözme yaklaşımının çeşitli kuramlar açısından değerlendirilmesi. Alanyazın, 2(1), 50-58.
  • Dilekçi, A., & Karatay, H. (2023). The effects of the 21st century skills curriculum on the development of students’ creative thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101229
  • Ertekin Kaya, M., & Güçlü, O. (2024). Investigation of the relationship between the self-efficacy levels and problem-solving skill levels of music teacher candidates. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 10(39), 353-376. https://doi.org/10.29228/kesit.76189
  • Fonsêca Barros, M., & Penna, M. (2023). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in music teacher education. International Journal of Music Education, 41(4), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1177/02557614221130526
  • Gliner, J. A., Morgan, G. A., & Leech, N. L. (2015). Research methods in applied settings: An integrated approach to design and analyses (S. Turan, Trans.; 2nd ed.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315723082
  • Güven, E. (2017). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin piyano dersinde karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 737-756. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/321860
  • Heppner, P., & Petersen, C. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66
  • Işık, N. N., & Demirel, E. E. (2023). An investigation of prospective teachers‟ and teacher trainers‟ 21st century skills awareness. Journal of Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty, 5(3), 1199-1215. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.107
  • Jo`raxanovich, G. (2023). Psychological factors of musical education. JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, 9(11), 8-10. https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/5106
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi:Kavramlar ilkeler yöntemler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kazu, H., & Ersözlü, Z. (2008). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin cinsiyet bölüm ve ÖSS puan türüne göre incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 161-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/16613
  • Kılıç, M. E., Kılıç, M. Y., & Şimşek, E. (2023). The effect of self-leadership on self-efficacy and university commitment: A study on preservice music teachers. Journal of Ahmet Keleşoglu Education Faculty, 5(2), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.63
  • Kim, J., Choi, D., Sung, C.-S., & Park, J. (2018). The role of problem solving ability on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition in university students. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-018-0085-4
  • Kırmızı Susar, F., Saygı, C., & Yurdakal, İ. (2015). Determine the relationship between the disposition of critical thinking and the perception about problem solving skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 657-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.719
  • Küpana, M. (2016). Creative problem solving and music education. Online Journal Of Music Sciences, 1(1), 44-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ojomus/issue/22237/237955
  • Lim, J., Lee, U., Koh, J., Jeong, Y., Lee, Y., Byun, G., Jung, H., Jang, Y., Lee, S., & Moon, J. (2025). Development and implementation of a generative artificial intelligence-enhanced simulation to enhance problem-solving skills for pre-service teachers. Computers & Education, 232, 1-20. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105306
  • Ocak, G., & Eğmir, E. (2014). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemesi. Asian Journal of Instruction, 2(1), 27-45. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aji/issue/1537/18826
  • Piji Küçük, D. (2012). Communication and problem solving skills of students of music teaching department. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 33-54. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6736/90559#article_cite
  • Pu, J., Bin Safian, A. R., Bin Nasrifan, M. N., & Bin Saidon, Z. L. (2025). Need analysis on developing students’ higher order thinking skills one-to-one western classical instrumental music lessons in higher education. Acta Psychologica, 254, 104759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104759
  • Roesler, R. (2016). Toward solving the problem of problem solving: An analysis framework. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 26(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083715602124
  • Roesler, R. (2017). Independence pending: Teacher behaviors preceding learner problem solving. Journal of Research in Music Education, 64(4), 454-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429416672858
  • Sternberg, R., & Kibelsbeck, J. (2022). Teaching musical learning as problem-solving: Applying a theory of musical intelligence to musical instruction. Psychology of Music, 50(5), 1696-1706. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356211055215
  • Şahin, N., Şahin, N., & Heppner, P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379-396. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01177661
  • Tirilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Topoğlu, O., & Erden Topoğlu, E. (2020). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme bcerilerine yönelik algılarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 24(81), 329-342. Retrieved April, 2025, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sosekev/issue/72156/1161491
  • Vasil, M., Weiss, L., & Powell, B. (2019). Popular music pedagogies: An approach to teaching 21st-century skills. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 28(3), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083718814454
  • Wagner, T. (2010). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don’t teach the new survival skills our children need-and what we can do about it. Tony Wagner.
  • Yazıcı, T. (2017). Problem solving and social skills levels of music teacher candidates. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 299-314. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.309053
  • Yazıcı, T., & Gökbudak, Z. (2014). Fine arts high school piano teachers’ problem solving skill levels. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 4(1), 383-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2014.41.20
  • Yıldız, Y., & Kurtuldu, M. (2014). A review on problem-solving skills of candidate music teachers according to the various variables: Example of Karadeniz Technical University. JASSS, 28(2), 525-535. https://doi.org/10.9761/JASSS2520
  • Yüksel , G. (2020). Çalgı eğitiminde problem çözme temelli kavramsal bir öğretim etkinliği (flüt eğitimi örneği). In A. Doğanay & O. Kutlu (Eds.), Güncel eğitim araştırmaları II (pp. 163-177). Akademisyen Yayınevi. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349767217
  • Yüksel, G., Babacan, E., Babacan, M., & Yüksel, T. (2022). Musical problem-solving skills of music education students: An evaluation on performance. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 17(9), 3145-3159. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i9.7169

Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme becerilerine ilişkin algıları: Türkiye’den bir kesit

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 983 - 1001, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31811/ojomus.1690956

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme becerilerine (PSB) ilişkin algılarını incelemek ve bu algıların cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olunan lise türü, akademik düzey, çalınan enstrüman ve enstrümanda algılanan yeterlilik gibi faktörlere göre değişip değişmediğini değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Konya’daki bir üniversitede öğrenim gören 94 müzik öğretmeni adayından oluşmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak Heppner ve Peterson (1982) tarafından geliştirilen ve Şahin vd. (1993) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Problem Çözme Envanteri” ve araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Envanter, problem çözme becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla tasarlanmış bir öz bildirim ölçeği olup bu araştırmada ölçeğin tamamı için Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .92 olarak bulunmuştur. Veriler, yüzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, Shapiro-Wilk testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi gibi teknikler kullanılarak SPSS yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Sonuçlar, müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme becerilerine ilişkin algılarının orta düzeyde olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca, cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olunan lise türü, akademik düzey, çalınan enstrüman veya algılanan enstrüman yeterliliği değişkenlerine göre bu algılarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, J. (2000). Karar verme ve problem çözme (N. Kalaycı, Trans.). Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Afacan, Ş., & Kaya, E. (2022). Investigating problem-solving skills of students having professional music training in terms of multiple variables. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 8(1), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.1.117
  • Arıcı, İ. (2015). The relation between the academic achievement in the harmony course and the problem–solving skills of the students in department of music education. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(3), 671-679. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279145
  • Bağçeci, B., & Kinay, İ. (2013). Öğretmenlerin problem çözme becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 335-347. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/issue/6158/82777
  • Bingham, A. (1971). Çocuklarda problem çözme yeteneklerinin geliştirilmesi (F. Oğuzkan, Trans.; 1st ed.). Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Çakmak, M., & Ercan, L. (2018). The investigation of teacher candidates’attitudes towards teaching profession and problem solving skills. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 29-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ufuksbedergi/issue/57468/815045
  • Çeşit, C. (2017). Investigation of social problem solving skills of undergraduate students in vocational music training. Akademik Müzik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5578/amrj.32184
  • Çevik, D. B. (2011). Poblem solving skills of pre-service music teachers based on various variables. Kastamonu Education Journal, 19(3), 1003-1012. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/49049/625742
  • Çevik, D. B., & Özmaden, M. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerileri. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 258-263. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/32.cevik.pdf
  • Çınar, O., Hatunoğlu, A., & Hatunoğlu, Y. (2009). Öğretmenlerin problem çözme becerileri. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 215-226.
  • Çolpan Kuru, B. (2021). Problem çözme yaklaşımının çeşitli kuramlar açısından değerlendirilmesi. Alanyazın, 2(1), 50-58.
  • Dilekçi, A., & Karatay, H. (2023). The effects of the 21st century skills curriculum on the development of students’ creative thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101229
  • Ertekin Kaya, M., & Güçlü, O. (2024). Investigation of the relationship between the self-efficacy levels and problem-solving skill levels of music teacher candidates. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 10(39), 353-376. https://doi.org/10.29228/kesit.76189
  • Fonsêca Barros, M., & Penna, M. (2023). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in music teacher education. International Journal of Music Education, 41(4), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1177/02557614221130526
  • Gliner, J. A., Morgan, G. A., & Leech, N. L. (2015). Research methods in applied settings: An integrated approach to design and analyses (S. Turan, Trans.; 2nd ed.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315723082
  • Güven, E. (2017). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin piyano dersinde karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 737-756. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/321860
  • Heppner, P., & Petersen, C. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66
  • Işık, N. N., & Demirel, E. E. (2023). An investigation of prospective teachers‟ and teacher trainers‟ 21st century skills awareness. Journal of Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty, 5(3), 1199-1215. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.107
  • Jo`raxanovich, G. (2023). Psychological factors of musical education. JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, 9(11), 8-10. https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/5106
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi:Kavramlar ilkeler yöntemler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kazu, H., & Ersözlü, Z. (2008). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin cinsiyet bölüm ve ÖSS puan türüne göre incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 161-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/16613
  • Kılıç, M. E., Kılıç, M. Y., & Şimşek, E. (2023). The effect of self-leadership on self-efficacy and university commitment: A study on preservice music teachers. Journal of Ahmet Keleşoglu Education Faculty, 5(2), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.63
  • Kim, J., Choi, D., Sung, C.-S., & Park, J. (2018). The role of problem solving ability on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition in university students. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-018-0085-4
  • Kırmızı Susar, F., Saygı, C., & Yurdakal, İ. (2015). Determine the relationship between the disposition of critical thinking and the perception about problem solving skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 657-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.719
  • Küpana, M. (2016). Creative problem solving and music education. Online Journal Of Music Sciences, 1(1), 44-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ojomus/issue/22237/237955
  • Lim, J., Lee, U., Koh, J., Jeong, Y., Lee, Y., Byun, G., Jung, H., Jang, Y., Lee, S., & Moon, J. (2025). Development and implementation of a generative artificial intelligence-enhanced simulation to enhance problem-solving skills for pre-service teachers. Computers & Education, 232, 1-20. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105306
  • Ocak, G., & Eğmir, E. (2014). Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemesi. Asian Journal of Instruction, 2(1), 27-45. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aji/issue/1537/18826
  • Piji Küçük, D. (2012). Communication and problem solving skills of students of music teaching department. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 33-54. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6736/90559#article_cite
  • Pu, J., Bin Safian, A. R., Bin Nasrifan, M. N., & Bin Saidon, Z. L. (2025). Need analysis on developing students’ higher order thinking skills one-to-one western classical instrumental music lessons in higher education. Acta Psychologica, 254, 104759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104759
  • Roesler, R. (2016). Toward solving the problem of problem solving: An analysis framework. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 26(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083715602124
  • Roesler, R. (2017). Independence pending: Teacher behaviors preceding learner problem solving. Journal of Research in Music Education, 64(4), 454-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429416672858
  • Sternberg, R., & Kibelsbeck, J. (2022). Teaching musical learning as problem-solving: Applying a theory of musical intelligence to musical instruction. Psychology of Music, 50(5), 1696-1706. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356211055215
  • Şahin, N., Şahin, N., & Heppner, P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379-396. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01177661
  • Tirilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Topoğlu, O., & Erden Topoğlu, E. (2020). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının problem çözme bcerilerine yönelik algılarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 24(81), 329-342. Retrieved April, 2025, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sosekev/issue/72156/1161491
  • Vasil, M., Weiss, L., & Powell, B. (2019). Popular music pedagogies: An approach to teaching 21st-century skills. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 28(3), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083718814454
  • Wagner, T. (2010). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don’t teach the new survival skills our children need-and what we can do about it. Tony Wagner.
  • Yazıcı, T. (2017). Problem solving and social skills levels of music teacher candidates. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 299-314. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.309053
  • Yazıcı, T., & Gökbudak, Z. (2014). Fine arts high school piano teachers’ problem solving skill levels. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 4(1), 383-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2014.41.20
  • Yıldız, Y., & Kurtuldu, M. (2014). A review on problem-solving skills of candidate music teachers according to the various variables: Example of Karadeniz Technical University. JASSS, 28(2), 525-535. https://doi.org/10.9761/JASSS2520
  • Yüksel , G. (2020). Çalgı eğitiminde problem çözme temelli kavramsal bir öğretim etkinliği (flüt eğitimi örneği). In A. Doğanay & O. Kutlu (Eds.), Güncel eğitim araştırmaları II (pp. 163-177). Akademisyen Yayınevi. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349767217
  • Yüksel, G., Babacan, E., Babacan, M., & Yüksel, T. (2022). Musical problem-solving skills of music education students: An evaluation on performance. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 17(9), 3145-3159. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i9.7169
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Müzik Eğitimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şeyda Çarkacı 0000-0003-4980-4504

Gözde Yüksel 0000-0002-6619-275X

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çarkacı, Ş., & Yüksel, G. (2025). Music teacher candidates’ perception of problem-solving skills: A sample from Türkiye. Online Journal of Music Sciences, 10(4), 983-1001. https://doi.org/10.31811/ojomus.1690956