Biyolojik Mücadelede Örümceklerin Rolü Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Tarımsal alanlarda kullanılan pestisitlerin çevreye ve canlılara olumsuz etkileri sebebiyle zararlılarla mücadelede Entegre Zararlı Yönetimi gibi yeni yöntemler öne çıkmaktadır. Mekanik, kültürel ve biyolojik uygulamaları bir bütün haline getiren Entegre Zararlı Yönetiminin en önemli parçalarından biri de Biyolojik Mücadeledir. Biyolojik Mücadele zararlıların doğal düşmanları olan karnivor avcılar kullanılarak zararlı yoğunluğunun istenilen seviyede tutulmasını sağlayan bir mücadele yöntemi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu avcılar içerisinde bulunan örümcekler; çeşitli avlanma stratejileri, farklı habitat tercihleri, aktif dönem farklıkları, birim zamanda çok sayıda av tüketebilmeleri ve uzun açlık dönemlerine uyum sağlayabilmeleri gibi özellikleri sebebiyle Biyolojik Mücadele için önem arz etmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar örümceklerin buğdaydaki yaprak bitlerini, elma bahçelerinde güveleri ve yaprak bitlerini, zeytin bahçelerinde dipteranları ve armut bahçelerinde pisillerin yoğunluğunu azalttığını göstermektedir. Örümceklerin bulunmadığı arazilerde ise zararlı yoğunluğu artış göstermektedir. Örümcekler arasında görülen cannibalisim ve örümcek topluluklarının diğer doğal düşmanlarla beslenmeleri biyolojik kontrolü bozabilmektedir. Bu sebeple örümceklerin av stratejileri, beslenme tercihleri, habitat tercihleri gibi özellikleri üzerine daha çok çalışma yapılması onların Biyolojik Mücadelede daha etkili kullanılmalarına katkı sağlaması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pestisit
• Entegre Zararlı Yönetimi
• Biyolojik Mücadele
• Örümcek

A Review on The Role Of Spiders In Biological Control

Abstract

Due to the negative effects of pesticides used in agricultural fields on the environment and living beings, new methods such as Integrated Pest Management stand out in the struggle against pests. Biological Control is one of the most important parts of Integrated Pest Management that integrates mechanical, cultural, and biological practices. Biological Control is known as a method of struggle that allows the pest density to be maintained at the desired level using carnivorous predators, which are natural enemies of pests. Spiders in these predators; it is important for Biological Control due to its characteristics such as various strategies, different habitat preferences, active period differences, ability to consume a large number of preys in unit time and adapt to long hunger periods. Studies indicate that spiders reduce aphids in wheat, moths and aphids in apple orchards, dipterans in olive orchards, and psyllid in pear orchards. In the absence of spiders, the density of pests increases. Cannibalism among spiders and the feeding of spider communities with other natural enemies can decimate Biological Control. For this reason, it is of great importance to conduct more studies on the characteristics of spiders such as hunting strategies, feeding preferences, habitat preferences in order to contribute to their more effective use in Biological Control.

Keywords

• Pesticide
• Integrated Pest Management
• Biological Control
• Spider

Kaynakça

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