Drought Stress and Management Strategies in Safflower

Öz

In this review, the physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to drought stress were investigated in the light of recent research. Drought is one of the main stress factors limiting agricultural production, especially in semi-arid regions, and adversely affects growth, yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower plants. Drought-induced decreases were observed in parameters such as plant height, leaf area, biomass production, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate. The drought-induced decrease in safflower seed yield and oil content varied between genotypes. In the fatty acid composition, the linoleic acid ratio decreases while the oleic, palmitic and stearic acid ratios increase. These changes have been found to interact with genetic structure, developmental time and environmental conditions. The mechanisms by which safflower develops tolerance to drought stress include production of osmoprotectants, activation of antioxidant defence systems and changes in gene expression. Drought stress at the seedling stage and seed filling is one of the main factors limiting growth and survival of safflower. The review highlights the need to identify drought tolerant genotypes in safflower, optimise agronomic management strategies and use genomic approaches in breeding programmes

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Safflower
• Breeding
• Drought
• Seed Yield
• Oil Content

Aspir Bitkisinde Kuraklık Stresi ve Yönetim Stratejileri

Öz

Bu derleme çalışmasında, aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) bitkisinin, son yıllarda yapılan güncel araştırmalar ışığında kuraklık stresine karşı gösterdiği fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve morfolojik tepkiler incelenmiştir. Kuraklık, özellikle yarı kurak bölgelerde tarımsal üretimi kısıtlayan temel stres faktörlerinden biri olup, aspir bitkisinde büyüme, verim, yağ içeriği ve yağ asidi bileşimini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bitki boyu, yaprak alanı, biokütle üretimi, klorofil içeriği, fotosentez oranı gibi parametrelerde kuraklık kaynaklı düşüşler gözlemlenmiştir. Kuraklık, aspir tohum verimi ve yağ içeriğinde azalma genotipe bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermektedir. Yağ asidi bileşiminde ise linoleik asit oranı azalırken, oleik, palmitik ve stearik asit oranlarında artış meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişimlerin genetik yapı, gelişme dönemi ve çevresel koşullarla etkileşim içinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aspirin kuraklık stresine karşı tolerans geliştirme mekanizmaları arasında osmoprotektanların üretimi, antioksidan savunma sistemlerinin devreye girmesi ve gen ekspresyonunda değişiklikler yer almaktadır. Fide devresi ve tohum doldurma dönemi kuraklık stresi, aspir büyümesini ve hayatta kalmayı sınırlayan ana faktörlerden biridir. Derlemede, aspirde kuraklığa toleranslı genotiplerin belirlenmesi, tarımsal yönetim stratejilerinin optimize edilmesi ve ıslah programlarında genomik yaklaşımların kullanılması gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aspir
• Islah
• Kuraklık
• Tohum Verimi
• Yağ İçeriği

Kaynakça

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