An Overview About Computational Fluid Dynamics

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 2392 - 2408, 04.12.2023

Nehir Tokgoz , Özge Süfer

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1191498

Öz

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a science that uses numerical methods, partial differential equations and computational geometry together in the analysis and solution of fluid mechanics problems, and its popularity has been increasing day by day in almost all engineering applications. This discipline, which makes applied mathematics solutions by using powerful computers, allows the realization of optimum designs by modeling heat, mass and momentum transfer as well as the flow structure in all industrial processes where flow is involved, and enables the solution of complex problems with less cost and the simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters. Basically, 3 steps are followed to solve a flow problem with CFD method. First, mathematical equations describing the flow are written, and these equations, which are usually partial differential equations, are discretized to turn into a numerical analogy, and then the flow field is divided into small meshes or elements. In the third step, these equations are solved by using initial and boundary conditions of the defined problem. Three different methods are used when solving equations: (i) finite differences; (ii) finite elements and (iii) finite volumes method. The rapid progress of the software technologies utilized in CFD and the high accuracy and precision of the software, as well as the decrease in costs day by day, have made these programs widely used in visualizing and solving flow problems more effectively and efficiently. In this review paper; the basis, history, methodology, advantages and disadvantages of CFD and the balance equations used during the solution of CFD are mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Computational fluid dynamics, Heat transfer, Mass transfer, Momentum transfer, Flow problem

Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiğine Genel Bir Bakış

Öz

Hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD), akışkanlar mekaniği problemlerinin analiz edilmesi ve çözümlenmesi sırasında sayısal yöntemleri, kısmi diferansiyel denklemleri ve hesaplamalı geometriyi bir arada kullanan ve hemen hemen bütün mühendislik uygulamalarında popülerliği günden güne artan bir bilim dalıdır. Güçlü bilgisayarlar kullanarak uygulamalı matematik çözümü yapan bu bilim, akışın söz konusu olduğu bütün endüstriyel proseslerde ısı, kütle ve momentum transferini ve aynı zamanda akış yapısını modelleyerek optimum tasarımların gerçekleşmesine imkân vermekte ve daha az zamanda daha az maliyetle karmaşık problemlerin çözümüne ve birden fazla parametrenin aynı anda incelenmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bir akış problemini HAD yöntemiyle çözmek için temelde 3 adım takip edilmektedir. İlk olarak akışı tanımlayan matematiksel denklemler yazılmakta ve genellikle kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerden oluşan bu eşitlikler sayısal bir analojiye dönüştürülmek için ayrıklaştırılmakta (discretization) ve de sonrasında akış alanı küçük ağlara (mesh) veya elemanlara bölünmektedir. Üçüncü adımda ise tanımlanan problemin başlangıç ve sınır şartları kullanılarak bu denklemler çözülmektedir. Denklemler çözülürken üç farklı metot kullanılmaktadır: (i) sonlu farklar; (ii) sonlu elemanlar ve (iii) sonlu hacimler yöntemi. HAD’da kullanılan yazılım teknolojilerinin hızla ilerlemesi ve yazılımların yüksek doğruluk ve hassasiyete sahip olmasıyla beraber maliyetlerinin günden güne azalması, akış problemlerinin görselleştirilmesinde ve problemlerin daha etkili ve verimli çözülmesinde bu programların yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu derleme çalışmada; HAD’ın temelinden, tarihinden, metodolojisinden, avantajlarından ve dezavantajlarından ve HAD’da çözüm sırasında kullanılan denge denklemlerinden bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği, Isı transferi, Kütle transferi, Momentum transferi, Akış problemi

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