DASKYLEION DYNASTES’LİK SİSTEMİNDE ARTABAZOS’UN ROLÜ

Öz

Bu makalede, satrap atama kriterlerinin ortaya konması suretiyle Daskyleion satraplığındaki dynastes’lik sistemi ve dynastes’liğin Pharnakes oğlu Artabazos’un hanedanlığına inhisar edilmesinin nedenleri konu edilmektedir. Akhaimenid imparatorluğunda esas olarak yedi Pers soyu; kral ailesi ve dynastes’ler olmak üzere üç tür satrap görevlendirilmesi vardır. İlkin bu üç gruba ilişkin genel bilgi verilip Daskyleion’un dahil olduğu dynastes’lik sisteminin yedi Pers soyu ve kral ailesi görevlendirilmesiyle benzerlik ve farklılık arz eden noktalarına değinilmekte, bunların nedenleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Dynastes’lik atamasının Büyük Kralın takdir ve onurlandırmasının karşılığı olarak bir hanedanlığa verildiği anlaşılmaktadı Bu bağlamda Daskyleion satraplığının Pharnakes ailesinin tekeline intikal etmesini sağlayan Artabazos’un askeri ve diplomatik başarıları üzerinde yoğunlaşılmıştır. Çalışma kullanılan verilerin derlendiği genel bir değerlendirmeyle sonlandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Daskyleion, dynastes, Artabazos, Pharnakes, Pausanias, Themistokles.

Artabazus’s Role in the Dascylium Dynastic Systems

Öz

This paper deals with the dynastic systems in Dascylium and the reason for this system being given to the dynasty of Pharnakes according to the satrap assignment criteria. There are three types of satrap assignments which comprised the seven members of the Persians, royal family and dynasties, in the Persian Empire. General information concerning these three groups is given. This study compares Dynastic systems of the Persians and royal family. Such a continuous occupation of an office by a family was not only an expression of trust and honor on the part of the Great King, but also recognition of a resistant loyalty of the satraps towards the Great King and their successful management in the kingdoms interest. Consequently, this work has focused on Artabazus’s military and diplomatic achievements/activities, because he made the satrapy of Dascylium into a monopoly of the Pharnaces family. The study ends with a general evaluation compiling the data employed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dascylium, dynastes, Artabazus, Pharnaces, Pausanias, Themistocles.

Kaynakça

1. Ael. Var. Claudius Aelianus, Varia Historia: Historical Miscellany, translation by N. G. Wilson. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1997.
2. Aiskh. Pers. Aiskhylos, Persai: Aeschylus, translation by H. W. Smyth. Cambridge, Mass.-London, 1926.
3. Aristot. pol. Aristoteles, Politica: Politics, translation by H. Rackham, vol. XXI. Cambridge, Mass.-London 2005.
4. Arr. anab. Arrianus, Anabasis: Arrian, translation by P. A. Brunt, I-II. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1976-1983.
5. AMI Archaologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, Berlin.
6. App. Mithr. Appianus, Mithridateios: Appian’s Roman History, translation by H. White, vol. I-IV. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1912-1913.
7. Arslan 2007 Arslan, M., Mithradates VI. Eupator, Dionysos: Roma’nın En Büyük Düşmanı, İstanbul.
8. Arslan 2009 Arslan, M., “Pausanias’ın Byzantion Hakimiyeti ve Komplo Teorisi”, Şurada: Ancient History, Numismatics and Epigraphy in the Mediterranean World. Studies in memory of Clemens E. Bosch and Sabahat Atlan and in the honour of Nezahat Baydur, Ed. O. Tekin. İstanbul, 2009, 51-63.

9. Arslan 2010 Arslan, M., İstanbul’un Antikçağ Tarihi: Klasik ve Hellenistik Dönemler, İstanbul. Asher – Lloyd – Corcella 2007
10. Asher, A. – A. Lloyd – A. Corcella, A Commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV, Oxford.
11. Ath. Deip. Athenaios, Deipnosophisticarum Epitome: The Deipnosophistis, translation by C. B. Gulick, vol. I-VII. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1927-1999.
12. Badian 1987 Badian, E., “The Peace of Callias”, JHS CVII, 1987, 1-39.
13. Balcer 1993 Balcer, J. M., “The Ancient Persian satrapies and satraps in Western Anatolia”, AMI 26, 81-90.
14. Balcer 1995 Balcer, J. M., The Persian Conquest of the Greeks 545-450 B.C. Konstanz.
15. BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Paris, Athènes. Briant 2002 P. Briant, Histore de I’Empire perse, Paris 1996: Çeviri: From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, translated by P. T. Daniels, Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns.
16. Bosworth 1990 Bosworth, A. B., “Plutarch, Callisthenes and the Peace of Callias”, JHS 110, 1-13.
17. CAH The Cambridge Ancient History, Ed. J. B. Bury – S. A. Cook. I-XII, Cambridge, London, 1923-1996.
18. Cawkwell 1997 Cawkwell, G. L., “The Peace between Athens and Persia”, Phoenix 51, 115-130.
19. Chaumont 1990 Chaumont, M. L., “Un nouveau gouverneur de Sardes à l’époque achéménide d’apès une inscription récemment découverte”, Syria 57/3, 579-608.
20. Chiron Chiron. Mitteilungen der Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphice des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, München, Beck.
21. Corn. Nep. Cornelius Nepos: Arist. (= Aristides) Dat. (= Datames) Kim. (= Kimon) Paus. (= Pausanias) Them. (= Themistokles) On the Great Generals of Foreign Nations (translation by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1966.
22. Curt. Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis: Quintus Curtius Rufus, translation by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1946.
23. Dandamaev 1989 Dandamaev, M. A., A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire, Çevir. W. J. Vogelsang. Leiden. DB Dareios Behistan-Bisutun yazıtı.
24. Diod. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheke Historike: Diodorus of Sicily, translation by R. M. Geer. London, New York 1947.
25. Diog. Laert. Diogenes Laertios: Lives of Eminent Philosophers, translation by R. D. Hicks, vol. I-II. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1935-2005
26. Dion. Hal. Ant. Dionysios Halikarnasseos, Antiquitates Romanae: The Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, translation by E. Cary. I-IV. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1937-1950.
27. Facella 2009 Facella, M., “Darius and the Achaemenids in Commagene”, Şurada: Organisation des pouvoirs et contacts culturels dans les pays de l’empire achéménide, Ed. P. Briant-M. Chauveau, Paris, 379-409.
28. FGrHist Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, Ed. F. Jacoby. I-XV. Berlin-Leiden, 1923-1958.
29. Flor. epit. Annius Florus, L. Annaei Flori Epitoma De Tito Livio Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC Libri II: Lucius Annaeus Florus The Two Books of the Epitome, Extracted from Titus Livius, of All the Wars of Seven Hundred Years, translation by E. S. Foster. London, New York 1929.
30. Fornora 1983 Fornara, C. W., Archaic Times to the end of the Peloponnesian War, Edited and translated by C. W. Fornara, Cambridge.
31. Frontin. strat. Sextus Iulius Frontinus, Strategematon: The Strategems and the Aqueducts of Rome, translation by C. E. Ennett. London, New York 1925.
32. Gomme 1971 Gomme, A. W., A Historical Commentary on Thucydides, Oxford, vol. I.
33. Hallock 1969 Hallock, R. T., Persepolis Fortification Tablets, Chicago. Hammond 2006 Hammond, N. G. L., “The Expedition of Datis and Artaphernes”, CAH IV, 491-517. ‘The expedition of Xerxes’, 20066, 518-526.
34. Harpok. lex. Harpokration, Lexicon in decem oratores Atticos: Harpokration, Lexicon in decem oratores Atticos, Ed. W. Dindorf, Harpocrationis lexicon in decem oratores Atticos, vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1853 (repr. Groningen: Bouma, 1969): 1-310.
35. Hdt. Herodotos, Historiae: Herodotus, translation by A. D. Godley I-IV. London, New York 1975.
36. Herodotos, Herodot Tarihi, Çev.: M. Ökmen-A. Erhat, İstanbul 1991.
37. Historia Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte; Revue d’ Histoire Ancienne; Journal of Ancient History; Rivista di Storia Antiyak, Stuttgart.
38. Holladay 1986 Holladay, A. J., “The Détende of Kallias?”, Historia 35, 503-507.
39. Hornblower 2003 Hornblower, S., A Commentary on Thucydides, vol. I, I-III, Oxford.
40. How – Wells 1975 How, W. W. – Wells, J., A Commentary on Herodotus, I-II, Oxford. IG Inscriptiones Graecae, consilio et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Borussicae ed. maior: I-IV., VII., IX., XI., XII., XIV, Berlin 1873-1939.
41. I.Magnesia Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Meander, Ed. O. Kern, Berlin, 1900.
42. Iust. Marcus Iulianus Iustinus, M. Iuliani Iustini Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum Pompei Trogi: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, translation by J. C. Yardley. With introduction and explanatory notes by R. Develin. Atlanta, GA 1994.
43. Kent 1953 Kent, R. G., Old Persian, New Haven.
44. Klinkott 2005 Klinkott, H., Der Satrap ein Achaimenidischer Amtsträger und seine Handlungsspielräume, Frankfurt.
45. Ksen. Anab. Ksenophon, Anabasis: Anabasis, translation by C. L. Brownson I-VII. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1968.
46. Ksen. Kyr. Ksenophon, Kyropaedia: Cyropaedia, Ed. E. C. Marchant, Xenophontis opera omnia, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910 (repr. 1970).
47. Ksen. Hell. Ksenophon, Hellenika: Hellenica, translation by C. L. Brownson – O. J. Todd I-III. London, New York 1961.
48. Kuhrt 2007a Kuhrt, A., The Persian Empire. A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, I-II vols, London: Routledge.
49. Kuhrt 2007b Kuhrt, A., The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC, vol. I-II, London 1995.
50. Loomis 1990 Loomis, W. T., “Pausanias, Byzantion and the Formation of the Delian League: A Chronological Note”, Historia 39, 487-492.
51. Mattingly 1965 Mattingly, H. B., “The Peace of Kallias”, Historia 14, 273-281. Meiggs 1984 Meiggs, R., The Athenian Empire, Oxford.
52. Meister 1982 Meister, K., Die Ungeschichtlichkeit des Kalliasfriedens und deren historische Folgen, Wiesbaden.
53. Murison 1971 Murison, C. L., “The Peace of Callias: Its Historical Context”, Phoenix 25, 1971, 12-31.
54. OGIS Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae, Ed. W. Dittenberger, I-II. Leipzig.
55. Olmstead 1948 Olmstead, A. T., History of the Persian Empire, Chicago: Illinois. Paus. Pausanias, Periegesis tes Hellados: Pausanian Description of Greece, translation by W. H. Jones, I-V. London, New York 1918-1935.
56. Plat. Leg. Platon, Leges: Plato, Plato in Twelve Volumes, vols. 10 & 11, translated by R. G. Bury. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1967 & 1968.
57. Petit 1988 Petit, T., “A propos des «satrapies» ionienne et carienne”, BCH 112, 307-322.
58. Petit 1990 Petit, T., Satrapes et satrapies dans l’empire achéménide de Cyrus le Grand à Xerxés Ier (Biblothèque de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de I’Université de Liége, faskül 254), Paris.
59. Phoenix The Phoenix: The Journal of the Classical Association of Canada, Toronto.
60. Phot. Bib. Photios, Bibliotheka: Photios, Bibliotheka, Ed. R. Henry, Paris 1971.
61. Photius, The Bibliotheka, A sellection translated with notes by N. G. Wilson. London 2002.
62. Plut. Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi: Arist. (=Aristeides) Artaks. (=Artakserkses) Flam. (= Flaminius) Kim. (= Kimon) Them. (= Themistokles) Plutarch’s Lives, translation by B. Perrin, Cambridge, Mass.London, vols I 20059, II 20018, III 20019, IV 20007, V 20046, VI 20017, VII 19999, VIII 19899, IX 20027, X 20006, XI 20027.
63. Plut. mor. Plutarkhos, Moralia: Plutarch’s Moralia, translation by F. C. Babbitt – W. C. Helmbold, I-XIV. London, New York 1928-1967.
64. Polyain. strat. Polyainos, Strategemata: Strategemata, Ed. E. Woelfflin – J. Melber, Polyaeni strategematon libri viii. Leipzig: Teubner, 1887 (repr. Stuttgart: 1970): 2-301, 305-425.
65. Polyb. Polybios, Historiai: The Histories, translation by W. R. Paton, I-VI. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1922..hgf