Efficiency and its determinants in the agro-food industry of Samsun Province, Turkey

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 260 - 267, 11.12.2015

Mehmet Bozoğlu , Bekir Mazgal Vedat Ceyhan

https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2015.30.3.260-267

Cited By: 2

Öz

The aim of this study is to explore efficiency and its determinants in the agro-food industry in Samsun Province, Turkey. Using data collected from 49 firms, the data envelopment analysis method was used to estimate efficiency measures. The results of efficiency analysis reveal that the mean technical, allocative, and cost efficiencies are 0.90, 0.89, and 0.81, respectively. However, the results indicate that the inefficient firms would have had to lower costs by 19% to perform as well as other similar firms. Having a brand, applying marketing strategies, and establishing cooperation positively influence on the economic efficiency. However, there is a negative relationship between capacity use ratio and the efficiency. To enhance the efficiency in the agro-food industry, decision makers should focus on sound management, preventing unproductive investments and overcapacity, encouraging trademarking, market research, and ensuring cooperation among the agro-food firms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agro-food industry, data envelopment analysis, determinants of inefficiency, efficiency analysis, Samsun, Turkey

Samsun İlinde tarıma dayalı sanayide etkinlik ve etkili faktörler

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Samsun İlindeki tarıma dayalı sanayide etkinlik ve etkili faöktörlerin araştırılmasıdır. Etkinlik sınırları, 49 firmadan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak ve veri zarflama yöntemi uygulanarak ölçülmüştür. Etkinlik analizi sonuçları, ortalama etkinlik, dağıtım etkinliği ve ekonomik etkinliğin sırasıyla 0.90, 0.89 ve 0.81 olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, etkinlik analizi etkin olarak çalışmayan firmaların benzer nitelikteki etkin firmalara göre maliyetlerini %19 oranında azaltabileceklerini göstermektedir. Ticari markaya sahip olunması, pazarlama stratejisinin uygulanması ve diğer firmalarla işbirliğine gidilmesi, ekonomik etkinliği pozitif olarak etkilemektedir. Buna karşın, kapasite kullanma oranıyla ekonomik etkinlik arasında negatif bir ilişki söz konusudur. Tarıma dayalı sanayi işletmelerinde ektinliğin artırılması için, iyi yönetişim, verimsiz ve aşırı yatırımların önlenmesi, ticari markalaşmanın teşvik edilmesi, pazar araştırmaları, tarıma dayalı firmalar arasında işbirliğinin sağlanması konularına odaklanılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarıma dayalı sanayi, veri zarflama analizi, etkinsizliğin belirleyicileri, etkinlik analizi, Samsun, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• Aigner, D.J., Lovell, C.K., Schmidt, P. 1977. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function model specifications. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 7: 399-415.
• Aksoy, Ş., Inan, H. 1996. Sector Analysis of Vegetal Oil and Margarine Industry: Economic Structure, Straits and Solutions in the Trakya Region. Turkish Scientific and Technical Institution Report No. 1312, Ankara.
• Aksoyak, Ş, Direk, M., Küçükçongar, M., Güven, E. 1999. Current status of flour and its end product industry in Turkey and the structure of the industry in Konya Province. Paper presented in Symposium on Problems of Cereals Agriculture in the Central Anatolia and Solution Approaches. pp. 734-747, Konya.
• Altın, S., Orhan, K.Y. 1999. Financing, marketing, investment and production of manufacturing industry in İçel, Denizli and Gaziantep provinces. Paper presented in Symposium on Development of Industry in İçel Province. İçel Commerce and Trade Union, pp. 41–61, İçel.
• Altındeğer, M. 2015. Samsun Tarımsal Yapısındaki Değişim (2000-2015). Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası, Samsun.
• Apezteguía, B.I., Garáte, M.R. 1997. Technical efficiency in the Spanish agrofood industry. Agricultural Economics, 17: 179-189.
• Arıkbay, C. 1993. Effects of agro-food industry on employment in the Aegean Region. National Productivity Center Publication No. 546, Ankara.
• Azabağaoğlu, M.Ö., Gaytancıoğlu, O., Kubaş, A., Erbay, R. 2003. Analysis of the marketing structure of the dairy industry in the Trakya Region and the determination of emerging issues with multidimensional scaling. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27: 117-122.
• Banker, R.D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. 1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30: 1078-1092.
• Battese, G., Coelli, T. 1988. Prediction of firm level technical efficiencies with a generalized frontier production function and panel data. Journal of Economics, 47: 37-49.
• Bingöl, Ş. 1992. Productivity problems and input use in Turkish vegetable processing industy sector. National Productivity Center Publication No. 456, Ankara.
• Bingöl, Ş. 1993. Input and productivity problems of fruit processing industry. National Productivity Center Publication No. 485, Ankara.
• Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6): 429-444.
• Coelli, T. 1996. A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis Program. CEPA Working Paper 96/08, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
• Coelli, T., Rao, D.S.P., Battese, G.E. 1998. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA.
• Çetin, B. 1993. Production and marketing problems of tomato growing by contract farming for industry in Bursa Province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludağ University, 9: 47–54.
• Demirci, S. 2001. Performance analysis of sugar factories and total factor productivity: an application of the Malmquist index. Agricultural Economics Research Institute Publication No. 66, Ankara.
• Doucouliagos, H., Hone, P. 2000. The efficiency of the Australian dairy processing industry. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 44 (3): 423-438.
• Farrel, M.J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 120 (3): 253-290.
• Furesi, R., Madau, F.A., Pulina, P. 2013. Technical efficiency in the sheep dairy industry: an application on the Sardinian (Italy) sector. Agricultural and Food Economics, 1:4.
• GNAT (The Grand National Assembly of Turkey), 2011. 9th Development Plan. Available from URL: http://pbk.tbmm.gov.tr/dokumanlar/kalkinmaplani-9-genel-kurul.pdf [accessed on November 26, 2011].
• Gülse, S. 1996. Structural changes and applied policies of agro-food industry in Turkey. Master Thesis (Unpublished), Gaziosmanpaşa University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tokat.
• Gürler, A.Z., Kizilaslan, N., Kizilaslan, H. 2000. Agro-food Industries and Industrial Agriculture. Gaziosmanpasa University Publication No: 47, Tokat.
• GS (The Governership of Samsun), 2011. Economic Structure of Samsun. Available from URL: http://www.samsun.gov.tr/ey_sanayii.asp/ [accessed on October 14, 2011].
• Karkacier, O., Gülse, H., Göktolga, Z.G. 2001. South-East Anatolia Project and agro-food industry. Presented in Second Congress on the South-East Anatolia Project and Industry, Chamber of Mechanical Engineers Publication No. 284, Ankara.
• Karlı, B. 2002. Development, problems and solution strategies of agro-food enterprises in the region of South-East Anatolia Project. Agricultural Economics Research Institute Publication No. 47, Ankara.
• Karlı, B., Çelik, Y. 1998. Evaluation trend of investments with incentive of agro-food industry in the Region of South-East Anatolia Project. Journal of Ekin, 6:47–51.
• Karlı, B., Çelik, Y., Gerger, F. 1999. The structure, problems and solutions of agro-food industry enterprises in Şanlıurfa Province. Paper presented in First Agricultural Congress on the South-East Anatolia Project, 1: 371–380, Şanlıurfa.
• Kumbhakar, S.C., Lovel, C.A.K. 2000. Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
• Lachaal, L., Chebil, A., Dhehibi, B. 2004. A panel data approach to the measurement of technical efficiency and its determinants: some evidence from the Tunisian agro-food industry. Agricultural Economics Review, 5(1): 15-23.
• Latruffe, L. 2010. Competitiveness, productivity and efficiency in the agriculture and agri-food sectors. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers No. 30, Available from URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5km91nkdt6t6d6-en [accessed on November 24, 2011].
• Margono, H., Sharma, S.C. 2006. Efficiency and productivity analysis of Indonesian manufacturing industries. Journal of Asian Economics, 17: 979-995.
• Oustapasidis, K., Vlachvei, A., Notta, O. 2000. Efficiency and market power in Greek food industries. Amer.J.Agr.Econ, 82: 623-629.
• Pérez, J.P., Gil, J.M., Sierra, I. 2007. Technical efficiency of meat sheep production systems in Spain. Small Ruminant Research, 69: 237–241.
• Putićová, M., Mezera, J. 2011. Competitiveness of the Czech food industry. Agric. Econ.-Czech, 57 (9): 413-421.
• Ramanathan, R. 1998. Introductory Econometrics: With Applications. 4th Edition, Forth Worth: The Dryden Press.
• Reddy, A.A., Bantilan, M.C.S. 2012. Competitiveness and technical efficiency: determinants in the groundnut oil sector of India. Food Policy, 37: 255-263.
• Sena, V. 2006. The determinants of firms’ performance: can finance constraints improve technical efficiency? European Journal of Operational Research, 172: 311–325.
• Şengül, H. 1998. Structural relationships between agriculture and textile sectors: an input-output analysis. GAP Regional Development Administration of Turkish Republic, Ankara.
• Şengül, H., Erkan, O. 1999. Structural relations between cotton production and the textile industry in the
• Southeastern Anatolia Project Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 483–491.
• Tarıkahya, N. 1991. Productivity comparison in the flour factories. National Productivity Center Publication No. 446, Ankara.
• Tuncer, H. 1989. Agro-food indusytry policies in the region of South-East Anatolia Project. Paper presented in Symposium on Agriculture and Agro-food Industries, and Their Finance, p. 221-233, Şanlıurfa.
• Van der Vlist, A.J., Withagen, C., Folmer, F. 2007. Technical efficiency under alternative environmental regulatory regimes: the case of Dutch horticulture. Ecological Economics, 63: 165–173.
• Yodfiatfinda, Mad Nasır, S., Zainalabidin, M., Md Ariff, H., Zulkornain, Y., Alias, R. 2012. The emprirical evaluation of productivity growth and efficiency of LSEs in the Malaysian food processing industry. International Food Research Journal, 19(1): 287-295.