Kivilerde kök çürüklüğü hastalığına neden olan bazı funguslara karşı organik ve inorganik tuzların engelleyici etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 291 - 302, 15.10.2017

Mehmet Yaman Muharrem Türkkan

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.297081

Öz

Bu çalışmada kivilerde kök çürüklüğü
etmeni Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani ve Rhizoctonia solani AG 4’e karşı 21 organik ve inorganik tuz ve
sentetik fungisit olarak Captan’ın etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. İn vitro ön denemelere göre, amonyum
karbonat, amonyum bikarbonat, potasyum benzoat, potasyum sorbat, sodyum
benzoat, sodyum metabisülfit ve Captan’ın dahil olduğu 7 bileşik %2
konsantrasyonda üç fungusun miselyal gelişimini tamamen engellemiştir. Birkaç
istisna dışında, sodyum metabisülfitin funguslara karşı diğer 6 bileşikten daha
büyük bir etkiye sahip ED₅₀, MIC ve MFC değerlerine sahip olduğunu
göstermiştir. Toprak testleri amonyum karbonat (%0.75), amonyum bikarbonat
(%1), potasyum sorbat (% 0.5), sodyum benzoat (%0.5) ve sodyum metabisülfit
(%0.25)’in R. solani AG 4’ün miselyal
gelişmesini tamamen engellediğini, halbuki Captan’ın % 95.23’e kadar azalttığını
göstermiştir, ancak bunların engelleyici etkileri arasındaki farklılık
istatiksel olarak önemsizdir (P<0.05). Ayrıca üç fungusa karşı %0.25 sodyum
metabisülfit, %0.25 Captan, %0.25 potasyum sorbat, %0.75 amonyum karbonate ve
%1 amonyum bikarbonat uygulamalarının engelleyici etkileri arasında hiç bir
önemli fark yoktur (P<0.05). Kök testlerinde her üç fungusa karşı %0.1
sodyum metabisülfit ve %0.25 Captan uygulamalarının kivi fidelerindeki kök
çürüklüğü şiddetini patojenlerle inokuleli kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla önemli
oranda azaltmış, fakat %0.75 amonyum karbonat, %1 amonyum bikarbonat, %0.25
potasyum benzoat, %0.25 potasyum sorbat ve %0.25 sodyum benzoat kök çürüklüğü
şiddetini azaltamamıştır (P<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kivi, kök çürüklüğü, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG 4, organik ve inorganik tuzlar, captan

Determination of the inhibitory effects of organic and inorganic salts against some fungi causing root rot disease on kiwifruit

Öz

The efficacy of 21 organic and inorganic salts
and Captan as a senthetic fungicide against three kiwifruit root rot pathogens
including Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani
and Rhizoctonia solani AG           4 were evaluated in the present
study. According to the preliminary in vitro trials, 7 compounds including
ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium benzoate, potassium
sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite and Captan (2 %) were able to
completely inhibit mycelial growth of all three fungi. With few exceptions,
this study showed that sodium metabisulphite had the ED₅₀, MIC and
MFC values having a greater effect against the fungi than six other compounds.
Soil tests showed that ammonium carbonate (0.75 %), ammonium bicarbonate (1 %),
potassium sorbate (0.5 %), sodium benzoate (0.5 %) and sodium metabisulphite
(0.25 %) completely inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani AG 4, whereas Captan reduced the mycelial growth of the
fungus by 95.23 %; however, differences among the inhibitory effects of
treatments were found to be statistically insignificant (P<0.05). In
addition, there was no significant differences among the inhibitory effects of
0.25 % sodium metabisulphite, 0.25 % Captan, 0.25 % potassium sorbate, 0.75 %
ammonium carbonate and 1 % ammonium bicarbonate against all three fungi
(P<0.05). In the root tests, the treatments of 0.1 % sodium metabisulphite
and 0.25 % Captan against each three fungi significantly reduced the severity
of root rot in kiwifruit seedlings in comparison to the inoculated control
plants, but 0.75 % ammonium carbonate, 1 % ammonium bicarbonate, 0.25 %
potassium benzoate, 0.25 % potassium sorbate and 0.25 % sodium benzoate did not
(P<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternative control, Captan, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG 4

Kaynakça

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