Reproductive performance and meat production potential in sheep farms in Samsun province

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 269 - 289, 28.06.2024

Mehmet Ali Güntay , Mehmet Akif Çam

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1393875

Öz

This study, it was aimed to determine the reproductive performance criteria lambing rate (LR), twinning rate (TR), litter size (LS), and number of lambs per ewe joined to ram (NLEJR) or fecundity (FEC) and sheep meat production potential in 3508 sheep farming enterprises in Samsun province.
The study was conducted by using a face-to-face survey with 86 producers in the central and surrounding districts of Samsun province in 2019-2020. The enterprises included in the survey were determined according to the proportional stratified sampling and purposeful sampling method from each stratum.
It was determined that the surveyed sheep enterprises were different regarding the reproductive performance criteria examined (P <0.001). Additionally, it was determined that there were significant differences between herd, breed, and districts in terms of LR, TR, LS, and FEC (P<0.001).
It was determined that only 15% of the surveyed enterprises attained their income from sheep farming and that this income was shared by an average of five people.
In the study, with the current sheep presence and reproductive performance in Samsun province, it was determined that the lamb and sheep meat production potential was 2938.1 tone. The results regarding the reproductive performance and meat production potential showed that the current sheep and lamb production models in the province should be improved.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mutton meat, Litter size, Lambing rate, Twin rate

Samsun ili koyun işletmelerinde üreme performansı ve et üretim potansiyeli

Öz

Bu çalışmada Samsun ilindeki 3508 küçükbaş hayvancılık işletmesindeki koyunların kuzulama oranı (KO), ikizlik oranı (İO), kuzu verimi (KV) ve koç altı koyun başına kuzu sayısı (doğumda sürü kuzu üretimi; DSKÜ) gibi üreme performansı kriterlerinin ve koyun eti üretim potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 2019-2020 yıllarında Samsun ilinin merkez ve ilçelerindeki 86 üretici ile yüz yüze anket yapılarak yürütülmüştür. Ankete alınan işletmeler, orantılı tabakalı örnekleme ve her tabakadan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir.
Ankete alınan koyun işletmelerinin incelenen üreme performans kriterleri bakımından farklı oldukları tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). Ayrıca, KO, İO, KV ve DSKÜ bakımından sürü büyüklüğü, ırk ve ilçeler arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu P<0.001) belirlenmiştir. Ankete alınan işletmelerin sadece %15'inin ekonomik gelirlerini koyunculuktan sağladığı ve bu gelirin ortalama beş kişi tarafından paylaşıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Çalışmada, Samsun ilindeki mevcut koyun varlığı ve üreme performansı ile kuzu ve koyun eti üretim potansiyelinin 2938.1 ton olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Üreme performansı ve et üretim potansiyeli ile ilgili sonuçlar ildeki mevcut koyun ve kuzu üretim modellerinin iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koyun eti, Kuzu verimi, Kuzulama oranı, İkizlik oranı

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu (2020/830) yönergesine uygunluğu onanmıştır.

Kaynakça

• Abbott, K., 2018. The Practice of Sheep Veterinary Medicine. 616p. Published in Adelaide University Press, Barr Smith Library, South Australia.
• Anonim, 2022. Samsun Tarım Orman İl Müdürlüğü verileri.
• Alarslan, E., Aygün, T., 2019. Yalova’daki kıvırcık koyunların bazı süt verimi ve dölverimi özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 2(2), 86-92.
• Bourdon, F.R., 2014. Understanding Animal Breeding, Second Edition, 513P, Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE,. UK.
• Brand, T.S., van der Westhuizen, E.J., , van der Merwe, D.A., Hoffman, L.C., 2017. Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Merino, South African Mutton Merino and Dorper lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 47 (Supl1), 26-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v47i1.5
• Cam, M.A., Kirikci, K., Garipoğlu, A.V., 2018. Body condition status at mating affects gestation length, offspring yield and return rate in ewes. Archives Animal Breeding, 61(2), 221-228.https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-221-2018
• Cam, M.A., Olfaz, M., K Kırıkçı, Garipoğlu, A.V., Soydan, E., 2017. Market Productivity of Single and Twin Bearing Karayaka Ewes. Hayvansal Üretim, 58(1): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.333775
• Çam, M.A., Kuran, M., Selçuk, E., 1999. Karayaka’larda kuzular›n Doğum sonrası anaları ile birlikte bulunma sürelerinin koyun ve kuzu Davranışı ile kuzuların gelişmesine etkileri. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 23, Ek Sayı 2, 335-341.
• De Graaf., 2010. Reproduction. International Sheep and Wool Handbook., Edit, Cottle, D.J. Nottingham University Press.189-222.UK.
• FAO 2022. Faostat. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2023.
• Farrell, L., Creighton, P., Bohan, A. McGovern, F., McHugh, N., 2022. Bio-economic modelling of sheep meat production systems with varying flock litter size using field data. Animal, The international journal of animal biosciences, 16, 100640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100640
• Farrell, L.J., Kenyon, P.R., Tozer, P.R., Ramilan, T., Cranston L.M., 2020. Quantifying sheep enterprise profitability with varying flock replacement rates, lambing rates, and breeding strategies in New Zealand. Agricultural Systems, 184, 102888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102888
• Freitas-de-Melo, A., Agrati, D., Rodriguez, M.G.K., Pérez-Clariget, R., Ungerfeld, R., 2022. Sex or maternal care? Nursing oestrous ewes prefer to interact with rams over their lambs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 257, 105800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105800
• Gallego-Calvo, L., Gatica, M.C., Guzmán, J.L., Zarazaga L.A., 2015. Reproductive performance response to the male effect in goats is improved when doe live weight/body condition scoreis increasing. Animal Reproduction Science,156 , 51–57. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.001
• Gowane, G.R., Swarnkar C.P, Prince, L.L.L., & Kumar, A., 2018. Genetic parameters for neonatal mortality in lambs at semi-arid region of Rajasthan India. Livestock Science, 210, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.02.003
• Herrero, M., Havlík, P. Valin, H. Notenbaert, A., Rufino, M.C., Thornton, P.K. Blümmel, D., Weiss, F., Grace, D., Obersteiner, M., 2013. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci),110, 20888-20893. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308149110
• Hussain, M.S., Appannavar, M.M., Yathish, H.M., Suranagi, M.D., Biradar, U.S., Asharani A.D., 2019. Estimation of body weight and dressed weight in different sheep breeds of Karnataka. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 4(6): 10-14.
• Işık, A. 2006. Uygulamalı İstatistik-1. 510 sy. Beta basım Dağıtım A.Ş. Himaye-i Etfal Sokak Talas Han No:13-15, Çağaloğlu İstanbul.
• Kaymakçı, M., 2016. İleri Koyun Yetiştiriciliği. Genişletilmiş V. Baskı, 370sy. Bornova İzmir.
• Moloney, A.J., Pete,r T.R., Morris, S.T., Kenyon P.R., 2023. Bigger lambs or more lambs: The conundrum for New Zealand lamb producers. Livestock Science, 270; 1051204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105204
• Ocak, N., Cam, M. A., Kuran, M., 2005. The effect of high dietary protein levels during late gestation on colostrum yield and lamb survival rate in singleton-bearing ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 56(1-3), 89-94.
• Ocak, N., Cam, M. A., Kuran, M., 2006. The influence of pre-and post-mating protein supplementation on reproductive performance in ewes maintained on rangeland. Small Ruminant Research, 64(1-2), 16-21.
• Olfaz, M.Ocak, N., Erener, G., Çam, M.A., Garipoğlu, A.V., 2005. Groth, carcass and meat characteristics of Karayaka growing rams fed sugar beet pılp, patially substtuting for grass hay as forage. Meat Science, 70,7-014.
• Özalp, M., Sayın, C., 2018. Antalya’da küçükbaş hayvancılıkta sürdürülebilirliğe etki eden ekonomik faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21, 1-11.
• Prache, S., Schreurs, N., Guillier, L., 2022. Review: Factors affecting sheep carcass and meat quality attributes. Animal, 16(Spl1), 100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100330
• Sallam A.M. 2019. Risk factors and genetic analysis of pre-weaning mortality in Barki lambs. Livestock Science, 230:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103818
• Smith, E.G., Hine, B.C., Acton, G.A., Bell, A.M., Doyle, E.K., Smith, J.L., 2023. Ewe udder and teat traits as potential selection criteria for improvement of Merino lamb survival and growth. Small Ruminant Research, (inpress). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.107019
• SPSS, 2021. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 for Windows. Armonk, NY.
• TÜİK, 2022. Türkiye istatistik kurumu. Tarım istatistikleri. Erişim adresi ve tarihi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hayvansal-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2022-49682, 10.04.2023.
• Vostrý, L., Milerski, M., 2013. Genetic and non-genetic effects influencing lamb survivability in the Czech Republic. Small Ruminant Research ,113: 47– 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.02.008
• Willingham, T. Shelton, M., Thompson, P., 1986. An Assessment of Reproductive Wastage in Sheep. Theriogenology ,26 (2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(86)90022-1
• Wilson R.T. Traoré A., 1988. Livestock Production in Central Mali: Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Wastage in Ruminants in The Agro-Pastoral System. Theriogenology, 29 (4), 931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(88)90230-0
• Ye, Y., Schreurs, N.M., Johnson, P.L., Corner-Thomas, R.A., Realini, C.E., 2020. Carcass characteristics and meat quality of commercial lambs reared in different forage systems. Livestock Science, 232:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103908
• Yılmaz, Ö.F., Çam, M.A., 2023. Küçükbaş Hayvanlarda Sıcaklık Stresinin Refah ve Verim Üzerine Etkileri (The Effects of Heat Stress on Welfare and Production in Small Ruminants) (Online Sözlü bildiri). Hodja Akhmet Yassawi 7. International Congress on Scientific Research Mingachevir State University, Mingachevir, Azerbaijan, 24-25 February 2023, ss. 225-231.