Peer Bullying in Kindergartens: A Meta-Synthesis Research to Identify Risk Factors

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 755 - 788, 31.12.2025

Zeynep Bayram , Aslı Balcı

https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.1591661

Öz

This review evaluated the risk factors for peer bullying in preschool using the meta-synthesis method. Meta-synthesis is the interpretation and harmonization of qualitative data obtained from phenomenological, ethnographic, and qualitative studies. The studies to be included primarily focused on those published between January 2010 and January 2023. Focused on "preschool peer bullying, early childhood peer bullying, childhood peer bullying, preschool school bullying, early childhood school bullying" keywords. For this purpose, "EBSCO, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, YÖKtez, TRDİZIN" databases were examined. As a result of the review process, a total of 17 studies were included. The study synthesized findings using direct quotations from the original study, and themes and sub-dimensions were presented as templates. The research identified three themes that can be considered a risk factor for peer bullying. These themes are characteristics of the bully and victim, characteristics of the family, and characteristics of the school. As a result of the research, children who show bullying behavior are generally relatively strong physically, leaders, and have high or low self-confidence. Victimized children may be relatively weak physically, with special needs, polite, passive, and shy. The studies examined showed that reasons such as negative parental attitudes, domestic violence, socio-economic status, and exposure to uncontrolled media are risk factors originating from the family. As a result of the research, it has been determined that school characteristics such as low awareness and inadequate intervention of the teacher, type of activity, physical design, and lack of personnel are also risk factors for bullying.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meta-synthesis , Peer Bullying , Preschool , Risk Factors

Anaokullarında Akran Zorbalığı: Risk Faktörlerini Belirlemede Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmada okul öncesi dönemdeki akran zorbalığına ilişkin risk faktörlerini meta-sentez yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirmesini amaçlanmıştır. Meta-sentez; fenomenolojik, etnografik ve nitel çalışmalardan elde edilen nitel verilerin yorumlanarak uyumlu bir şekilde bütün hale getirilmesidir. Çalışmaya dahil edilecek araştırmalar için öncelikle Ocak 2010 ve Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış olmasına ve “okul öncesinde akran zorbalığı, erken çocuklukta akran zorbalığı, çocuklukta akran zorbalığı, okul zorbalığı, okul öncesinde okul zorbalığı, erken çocuklukta okul zorbalığı” terimlerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaçla “EBSCO, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, YÖKtez, TRDİZİN” veri tabanları incelenmiştir ve inceleme süreci sonucunda toplam 17 araştırma çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada bulgular orijinal çalışmadan doğrudan alıntılar kullanılarak sentezlenmiş, temalar ve temaların alt boyutları şablonlar halinde sunulmuştur. Araştırmada akran zorbalığı için risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilebilecek; zorba ve mağdurun karakteristikleri, ailenin karakteristikleri ve okulun karakteristikleri olmak üzere üç tema belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda zorbalık davranışı gösteren çocukların genellikle fiziksel olarak nispeten güçlü, lider, özgüveni yüksek veya düşük çocuklar; mağdur olan çocukların ise fiziksel olarak nispeten zayıf, özel gereksinimli, kibar, pasif ve çekingen çocuklar olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar olumsuz ebeveyn tutumları, aile içi şiddet, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve denetimsiz medyaya maruz bırakma gibi nedenlerin aileden kaynaklı risk faktörleri olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda; öğretmenin farkındalık düşüklüğü ve yetersiz müdahalesi, etkinlik türü, fiziki tasarım, personel yetersizliği vb. okul karakteristiklerinin de zorbalık için risk faktörü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akran Zorbalığı , Meta-Sentez , Okul Öncesi Dönem , Risk Faktörleri

Kaynakça

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