SPORCU ÇOCUKLARDA YOĞUN ARALIKLI YÜKLENMELERİN KALP FONKSİYONLARI VE EFOR KAPASİTELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı sporcu çocuklarda yoğun aralıklı yüklenmelerin kalp fonksiyonları ve efor kapasitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çeşitli futbol kulüplerinde oynayan, yaş ortalamaları 16,8±1,2 yıl olup yaşları 15-18 yıl arasında değişen 19 adölesan futbolcu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Futbolculara 8 hafta, haftanın 3 günü günde 1 saat olacak şekilde yüklenme antrenmanı 250 metre(m)-400 m-650 m-950 m koşu mesafelerinin maksimalleri ile %60-%70-%80 yüklenme şiddeti ile piramidal olarak yaptırıldı. Antrenmanlara katılan sporcular egzersiz öncesi ve sonrası elektrokardiyografi (EKG), ekokardiyografi ve efor testi ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde ön test ve son test sonuçlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesinde bağımlı örneklem t testi kullanıldı. Sol ventriküler kitle (LV mass), sol ventriküler kitle indexi (LV mass index), V6 derivasyonu R dalgası, son testte anlamlı farklı bulundu (p<0,05). İstirahatteki kalp hızı ve diyastolik kan basıncı değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardı (p<0,05). Efor testinde ise egzersiz süresi son testte anlamlı olarak artmış bulundu (sırasıyla 17,2+2,9; 19,6+2 dakika; p<0,001). Metabolik eşitlik (MET) değerlerinde de son testte anlamlı farklılık saptandı. (Sırasıyla 20,4+3,1; 22,2+2.5; p<0,01). Sporcu çocuklarda yoğun aralıklı antrenmanlar sonucunda kalp fonksiyonları ve efor kapasitesinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuş olup haftada 3 gün, günde 1 saatlik antrenmanlarla bile performansı arttırdığı gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yoğun Aralıklı Yüklenme
• Sol Ventrikül Kitle İndeksi
• Kalp

EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON HEART FUNCTIONS AND EFFORT CAPACITIES OF CHILD ATHLETES

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intense interval training on heart functions and effort capacities of child athletes. Adolescent (n: 19) footballers who play in different football clubs, whose age average is 16.8±1.2 year and also whose ages vary between 15 and 18 year participated in this study. The footballers were given a pyramidal load training with the maximal running distances of 250 meters (m) -400 m-650 m-950 m with 60% -70% -80% load intensity for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 1 hour per day. Participator athletes were assessed by electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and effort test before and after the exercises. Paired sample t-test was utilized to comparatively evaluate the pretest and posttest results in statistical analyses. Left ventricular mass (LV mass), left ventricular mass index (LV mass index), V6 derivation R wave are significantly different in the posttest (p<0.05). There is a statistically significant difference in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure values at rest (p<0.05). Duration of exercises significantly increased in the effort test (respectively 17.2+2.9; 19.6+2 minutes; p<0.001). There also was observed a significant difference in metabolic equality values (MET) (respectively 20.4+3.1; 22.2+2.5; p<0.01). There was found a significant difference in heart functions and effort capacity in child athletes at the end of intense interval training. Performance was enhanced even with 1 hour of training for 3 days a week.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Intensive Interval Training
• Left Ventricular Mass Index
• Heart
• Yoğun Aralıklı Yüklenme
• Sol Ventrikül Kitle İndeksi
• Kalp.

Kaynakça

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