ELİT BİSİKLETÇİ VE TRİATLONCULARDA ANTRENMAN SEZONUNDA FİZİKSEL PERFORMANS PARAMETRELERİYLE AŞIRI YÜKLENMENİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 104 - 113, 19.08.2019

Zekine Pündük Seda Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.464119

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu araştırma, dayanıklılık
sporu yapan bisikletçi ve triatletlerde antrenman sezonu süresince yapılan fiziksel
performans test parametreleriyle aşırı yüklenme belirtilerini değerlendirmek
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, bisikletçi (n=9) ve triatloncu (n=10) olmak
üzere düzenli antrenman yapan toplam 19 sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcular antrenman
sezonu içinde 8 haftalık periyodlarla 10 km zamana karşı maksimal bisiklet
testi ve kademeli artan maksimal bisiklet testleri yapılarak takip edilmiştir. Veriler bilgisayar ortamında tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak
değerlendirilmiştir. 10 km zamana karşı yapılan bisiklet testi
sonucunda, bisikletçilerde maksimal nabız sezon sonu değeri anlamlı olmasa da
düşmüş, ancak triatletlerde bu düşüş anlamlı düzeyde olmuştur (p=0,02).
Maksimal hız, ortalama hız ve maksimal watt bisikletçilerde sezon sonunda artmıştır
(p=,03, p=0,01, p=0,03, sırasıyla). Bu parametreler, triatloncularda anlamlı
düzeyde değişmemiştir. Maksimal bisiklet testi değerlendirmesinde maksimal
nabız, aerobik güç, göreceli hesaplanan maksimal watt her iki grup sporcu için
sezon içinde anlamlı değişiklik göstermemiştir. Göreceli hesaplanan maksimal
oksijen tüketimi (VO₂max) triatletlerde anlamlı olmasa da sezon sonu
değeri düşmüştür. Sonuç olarak, performans gelişimini 10 km zamana karşı
bisiklet testi, kademeli artan maksimal bisiklet testine göre daha iyi gösterdi.
Dolayısıyla, 10 km zamana karşı bisiklet testi performans değerlendirmesinde daha
faydalı sonuçlar verebilir. Maksimal kalp atım sayısı ve göreceli hesaplanan VO₂max
sezon sonu değerleri triatletlerde düşmüştür, bu durum fonksiyonel aşırı
yüklenmeye işaret edebilir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşırı yüklenme, Dayanıklılık, performans testleri

EVALUATION OF OVERREACHING BY PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF ELITE CYCLIST AND TRIATHLETES IN TRAINING SEASON

Öz

In this study, we aimed to evaluate overreaching symptoms by physical
performance test parameters of cyclist and triathletes in training season. Elite cyclist (n=9) and triathletes
(n=10) participated in the study. The physical performance parameters were followed
during the training session of the athletes. Athletes performed incremental
maximal cycling test and 10 km time trial test every 8 weeks during the
training season. The data were
evaluated by using descriptive statistics on computer. As a result of the 10 km time trial test, maximal heart rate of
the cyclist decreased, although end of the season value was not significant;
however it was significantly decreased in the triathletes (p=0.02). Maximal
speed, average speed and maximal watt were found to increase in cyclists at the
end of the season (p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, respectively).These parameters were
not found to change significantly in triathletes. In the incremental maximal
cycle test, parameters of the maximal heart rate, aerobic power, and relative
maximal watt were not significantly different during the season for both
athlete groups. In triathletes, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
was decreased at the end of the season, although not significantly. In conclusion, this study
results indicated that the 10 km time trial performance test results showed
better performance improvement than the incremental maximal performance cycling
test. Therefore, 10 km time trial test may give more useful results than the incremental
maximal performance cycling test. The maximal heart rate and VO₂ max
level were found to decrease at the end of the season in triathletes; and this
may indicate functional overreaching of the athletes. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endurance, Overreaching, Performance tests

Kaynakça

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