Krizlere Karşı Direnç: Türkiye Bankacılık Sisteminde Likidite ve Sermaye Yapısının Rolü (2003-2023)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 105 - 123, 13.01.2026

Çağatay Mirgen , Ali Bayrakdaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.1739029

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye bankacılık sektörünün 2003-2023 döneminde yaşadığı üç büyük kriz (2008 küresel finansal kriz, 2018 döviz kuru krizi ve COVID-19 pandemisi) karşısındaki finansal dayanıklılığını sermaye yeterlilik oranı (SYO) ve likidite oranı (LO) üzerinden incelemektedir. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği verileriyle oluşturulan 21 yıllık veri seti panel regresyon analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, SYO’nun sektör genelinde düşüş eğilimi gösterirken, LO’nun artış eğilimi gösterdiğini, banka sahiplik yapısına göre krizlerinin etkilerinin farklı şekillerde değiştiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Fakat krizlerin etkileri sınırlı kalırken, zaman içindeki değişimler daha belirleyici olmuştur. Sonuçlar, bankacılık sisteminin dayanıklılığının banka sahiplik yapısına bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, kriz türleri ve sahiplik yapısı ilişkisini kapsamlı biçimde ele alarak literatüre ampirik katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sermaye Yeterlilik Oranı , Likidite Oranı , Bankacılık Krizleri , Finansal İstikrar

Resilience to Crises: The Role of Liquidity and Capital Structure in the Turkish Banking System (2003-2023)

Öz

This study examines the financial resilience of the Turkish banking sector in the face of three major crises between 2003 and 2023 the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2018 currency shock, and the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and liquidity ratio (LR). Using data published by the Banks Association of Turkey, a 21-year dataset was constructed and analyzed through panel regression. The findings reveal a downward trend in CAR across the sector, while LR shows an upward trend. The impact of crises varies depending on the ownership structure of banks. However, time-related trends appear to be more influential than the direct effects of individual crises. The results indicate that the resilience of the banking system differs according to bank ownership type. By comprehensively addressing the relationship between crisis types and ownership structure, the study offers an empirical contribution to the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Capital Adequacy Ratio , Liquidity Ratio , Banking Crises , Financial Stability

Kaynakça

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