Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Politics of Representation and Transformations in Representing Immigrants: A Comparative Analysis of ‘’Almanya Acı Vatan’’ and ‘’Gegen die Wand’’

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 1202 - 1224, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.559013

Öz

This study discusses the transformation in the representations of immigrants from 1970s to the 2000s through a comparative analysis of two films which narrate stories of Turkish immigrants in Germany: Almanya Acı Vatan (1979) and Gegen die Wand (Duvara Karşı- 2004). It is widely argued that the popular and scholarly debate has shifted from discussing the immigrants as “workers” towards discussing them within the contours of issues of culture and identity. The findings of the comparative analysis in this study demonstrates that Almanya Acı Vatan, as an example of cinematic representations of first generation immigrants, frames the problem of immigrants’ social and cultural exclusion in tandem with the problem of workers’ alienation within industrial relations of production. On the other hand, “Duvara Karşı” formulates second generation immigrant experiences in terms of an endless search for belonging and authentic identity. This article suggests that it is possible to trace the shift in the cultural representations of migration and immigrants by conducting comparative analysis with regard to issues of identity, gender and space. 

Kaynakça

  • Adelson, L. (2003). Against between: A manifesto. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 19-37.
  • Akyüz, S. ve Dabak, B. (2017). Erkekliğin yol hali: “Sarı Mercedes” ve “Otobüs” filmlerinde erkeklik kurguları. Fe Dergi, 9(1), 80-91.
  • Bhabha, H. (1990). The third space: Interview with Homi Bhabha. In (J. Rutherford Der.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference içinde (ss. 207-221). London: Lawrance and Wishart.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
  • Burns, R. (2007). The politics of cultural representation: Turkish–German encounters. German Politics, 16(3), 358-378.
  • Burul, Y. (2003). The world of Aziza A.: Third space in identities. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 209-229.
  • Çağlar, A. (1997). Hyphenated identities and the limits of culture. In (T. Modood ve P. Werbner Der.) The Limits of Multiculturalism in the New Europe içinde (p. 169-185). Londra: Zed.
  • Çağlar, A. (2001). Constraining metaphors and the transnationalisation of spaces in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 601-613.
  • Çağlar, A. ve Soysal, L. (2003). Introduction: Turkish migration to Germany – forty years after. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 1-19.
  • Cox, A. T. (2011). Three generations of Turkish filmmakers in Germany: Three Different Narratives, Turkish Studies, 12(1), 115-127.
  • Cox, A.T. (2018). Portrayal of Turkish–German migratory relations in Turkish films of the 1980s: a call for an alternative reading, Turkish Studies, DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2018.1520105
  • Fachinger, P. (2007). A new kind of creative energy: Yadé Kara’s ‘’Selam Berlin’’ and Fatih Akın’s ‘’Kurz und Schmerzlos’’ and Gegen Die Wand’’. German Life and Letters, 60(2), 243-260.
  • Farris, S. (2012). Femonationalism and the ‘Regular’ army of labor called migrant women. History of the Present 2(2), 184-199.
  • Fekete, L. (2006). Enlightened fundamentalism? Immigration, feminism and the right. Race and Class, 48(2), 1-22.
  • Göktürk, D. (2003). Turkish – German traffic in cinema: A critical review. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 229-243.
  • Karakayalı, N. (2005). Duality and diversity in the lives of immigrant children: Rethinking the “Problem of the Second Generation” in light of immigrant autobiographies. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 42(3), 325-343.
  • Kaya, A., ve Tecmen, A. (2019). Europe versus Islam? Right-Wing populist discourse and the construction of a civilizational identity. The Review of Faith & International Relations, 17(1), 49-64.
  • Klammer, C. ve Goetz, J. (2017). Between German nationalism and anti-muslim racism: Representations of gender in the freedom party of Austria (FPÖ). In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 79-93). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scrinzi, F. (2017). A 'New' National Front? gender, religion, secularism and the French populist radical right.In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 127-141). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Soysal, L. (2003). Labor to culture: Writing Turkish migration to Europe. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102(2), 491-506.
  • Thwaites Diken, E.Ç. (2008). The Spectacle of politics and religion in contemporary Turkish cinema. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Trabert, A. (2017). At the mercy of femocracy? Networks and ideological links between far-right movement and anti-feminist men’s rights movement. In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 127-141). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Van Dijk, T. (2003). Critical discourse analysis.In (D.Schiffrin., D. Tannen ve E. H. Hamilton Der.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde (s. 352-372). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Yalçın-Heckmann, L. (2002). Kimlikler üzerinde pazarlık: Almanya’daki farklı Türk göçmen kuşaklarının medyadaki yansımaları. ( D. Kandiyoti ve A. Saktanber Der.) Kültür Fragmanları: Türkiye’de Gündelik Hayat içinde (s. 308-321). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2012). Right wing hegemony and immigration: How the populist far-right achieved hegemony through the immigration debate in Europe. Current Sociology, 60(3), 368- 381.

Göçmenliğe Dair Dönüşen Temsiller ve Temsilin Politikası: ‘’Almanya Acı Vatan’’ ve ‘’Duvara Karşı’’ Filmlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 1202 - 1224, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.559013

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’den Almanya’ya göçen birinci ve ikinci kuşak göçmenleri konu edinen Almanya Acı Vatan (1979) ve Duvara Karşı (Gegen die Wand-2004) filmlerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılarak, sinemada ve popüler kültürde göçmen temsillerinin 1970’lerden 2000’li yıllara geçirdiği dönüşüm tartışılmaktadır. Göçmenliğe dair popüler ve akademik tartışmanın, göçmenlerin işçi olarak varlıklarından ve sorunlarından, kültür ve kimlik meselelerine doğru kaymakta olduğu sıklıkla yapılmış bir argümandır. Makale, iki farklı döneme ait iki filmi karşılaştırarak, bu dönüşümün sinemadaki göçmen temsillerindeki yansımalarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Analiz sonucunda, sinemada birinci kuşak göçmen temsillerine örnek olan Almanya Acı Vatan’da göçmenlerin yabancılaşma ve dışlanma sorunu ile, işçilerin endüstriyel üretim ilişkileri içinde yabancılaşma sorununun iç içe geçmiş bir şekilde temsil edildiği; Duvara Karşı’da ise ikinci kuşak göçmen olma deneyiminin, sonsuz bir aidiyet ve otantik kimlik arayışına vurgu yapılarak çerçevelendiği önerilmektedir. Çalışma, sinemada ve popüler kültürdeki göçmen temsillerinin kimlik, toplumsal cinsiyet ve mekân bağlamlarında karşılaştırılması üzerinden, göçe ve göçmenliğe dair temsil politikalarının izleğinin sürülebileceğini öne sürmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Adelson, L. (2003). Against between: A manifesto. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 19-37.
  • Akyüz, S. ve Dabak, B. (2017). Erkekliğin yol hali: “Sarı Mercedes” ve “Otobüs” filmlerinde erkeklik kurguları. Fe Dergi, 9(1), 80-91.
  • Bhabha, H. (1990). The third space: Interview with Homi Bhabha. In (J. Rutherford Der.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference içinde (ss. 207-221). London: Lawrance and Wishart.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
  • Burns, R. (2007). The politics of cultural representation: Turkish–German encounters. German Politics, 16(3), 358-378.
  • Burul, Y. (2003). The world of Aziza A.: Third space in identities. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 209-229.
  • Çağlar, A. (1997). Hyphenated identities and the limits of culture. In (T. Modood ve P. Werbner Der.) The Limits of Multiculturalism in the New Europe içinde (p. 169-185). Londra: Zed.
  • Çağlar, A. (2001). Constraining metaphors and the transnationalisation of spaces in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 601-613.
  • Çağlar, A. ve Soysal, L. (2003). Introduction: Turkish migration to Germany – forty years after. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 1-19.
  • Cox, A. T. (2011). Three generations of Turkish filmmakers in Germany: Three Different Narratives, Turkish Studies, 12(1), 115-127.
  • Cox, A.T. (2018). Portrayal of Turkish–German migratory relations in Turkish films of the 1980s: a call for an alternative reading, Turkish Studies, DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2018.1520105
  • Fachinger, P. (2007). A new kind of creative energy: Yadé Kara’s ‘’Selam Berlin’’ and Fatih Akın’s ‘’Kurz und Schmerzlos’’ and Gegen Die Wand’’. German Life and Letters, 60(2), 243-260.
  • Farris, S. (2012). Femonationalism and the ‘Regular’ army of labor called migrant women. History of the Present 2(2), 184-199.
  • Fekete, L. (2006). Enlightened fundamentalism? Immigration, feminism and the right. Race and Class, 48(2), 1-22.
  • Göktürk, D. (2003). Turkish – German traffic in cinema: A critical review. New Perspectives on Turkey, 29, 229-243.
  • Karakayalı, N. (2005). Duality and diversity in the lives of immigrant children: Rethinking the “Problem of the Second Generation” in light of immigrant autobiographies. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 42(3), 325-343.
  • Kaya, A., ve Tecmen, A. (2019). Europe versus Islam? Right-Wing populist discourse and the construction of a civilizational identity. The Review of Faith & International Relations, 17(1), 49-64.
  • Klammer, C. ve Goetz, J. (2017). Between German nationalism and anti-muslim racism: Representations of gender in the freedom party of Austria (FPÖ). In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 79-93). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scrinzi, F. (2017). A 'New' National Front? gender, religion, secularism and the French populist radical right.In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 127-141). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Soysal, L. (2003). Labor to culture: Writing Turkish migration to Europe. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102(2), 491-506.
  • Thwaites Diken, E.Ç. (2008). The Spectacle of politics and religion in contemporary Turkish cinema. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Trabert, A. (2017). At the mercy of femocracy? Networks and ideological links between far-right movement and anti-feminist men’s rights movement. In (M. Köttig v.d. Der.) Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe içinde (s. 127-141). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Van Dijk, T. (2003). Critical discourse analysis.In (D.Schiffrin., D. Tannen ve E. H. Hamilton Der.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde (s. 352-372). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Yalçın-Heckmann, L. (2002). Kimlikler üzerinde pazarlık: Almanya’daki farklı Türk göçmen kuşaklarının medyadaki yansımaları. ( D. Kandiyoti ve A. Saktanber Der.) Kültür Fragmanları: Türkiye’de Gündelik Hayat içinde (s. 308-321). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2012). Right wing hegemony and immigration: How the populist far-right achieved hegemony through the immigration debate in Europe. Current Sociology, 60(3), 368- 381.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Feyda Sayan-cengiz 0000-0002-3378-381X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayan-cengiz, F. (2019). Göçmenliğe Dair Dönüşen Temsiller ve Temsilin Politikası: ‘’Almanya Acı Vatan’’ ve ‘’Duvara Karşı’’ Filmlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 1202-1224. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.559013