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Göç ve Demokrasinin Geleceği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2125 - 2149, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.592954

Öz

Yoğun bir göç hareketine
maruz kalan ülkelerde siyasal, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel farklılıklarda
artışlar görülmektedir. Bu farklıların bir arada varlığını sürdürmesi, uluslar
arası, ulusal ve yerel düzeyde belirlenen politikalarla mümkündür. Ulus devlet
anlayışına sahip demokratik ülkelerde, göçlerden kaynaklanan yeni tür sorunlar
ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sorunlar arasında yabancı düşmanlığı ve aşırı sağ
partilerin yükselişi dikkat çekmektedir.Bu tür eğilimlerin artış göstermesi,
demokratik ilkelerin geleceği açısından son derece tehlikelidir. Devlet ve
hükümetlerin, ülkeye çeşitli yollardan gelen göçmenlerin yaşam koşullarını
düzenlemesi, toplum ile bütünleştirilmesi ve kamuoyunun bu konuda
bilinçlendirilmesi konusunda demokratik değerler çerçevesinde hareket etmesi
önemlidir. Aksi takdirde toplumsal yapıda farklılıklara karşı kutuplaştırıcı
ideolojiler baş gösterecek ve evrensel barışın tesisi zorlaşacaktır. Bu amaçla
çalışmada, göç ve demokrasi ile ilgili literatürde yer alan çalışmalar ile
uluslar arası kuruluşların yayınladığı raporlar incelenmiştir. Günümüz
dünyasında göç hareketlerinin artarak devam ettiği ve göçmen sayısının
özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde arttığı bilinmektedir.
Dolayısıyla göçmen veya yabancı olarak kabul edilen ve toplumsal bir gerçeklik
haline gelmiş olan bireylerin, mümkün olduğunca demokrasinin sağlamış olduğu
olanaklarla tanıştırılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Bauböck, R. (2005). Expansive Citizenship—Voting Beyond Territory And Membership.Political Science and Politics, 38(4), 683–87.
  • Breunig, C.,Cao, X nndLuedtke A.,(2012). Global Migration And Political Regimetype: A Democratic Disadvantage. British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press. 42(4), 825-854.
  • Byrne, J.(2018). National Identity And Migration In An Emerging Gateway Community, MDPI Social Science, 7(5), 73.
  • Dahl, R.A., 1989. Democracy and İts Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • De Genova ve Nicholas P. (2002). Migrant "Illegality" and Deportability In Everyday Life. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 419-47.
  • Engdahl, M., Lindgren, K. O., & Rosenqvist, O. (2018). The role of local voting rights for foreign citizens : A catalyst for integration?, (Working Paper Series:2018:3), IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2015). Avrupa’da Türkiye Kökenli Göçmenler Ve ‘Euro-Turks Barometre’ Araştırmaları. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 108-148.
  • Estevens, J.(2018). Migration CRISIs in the EU: Developing a Framework For Analysis Of National Security And Defence Strategies. Comparative Migration Studies 6. Article Number 28.
  • EUFRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights). (2017). Together in the EU: Promoting the Participation of Migrants and their Descendants, Vienna.
  • European Commission. (2004). Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU.
  • Forrester, A.C., Powell, B., Nowrasteh, A. ve Landgrave, M. (2019). Do Immigrants Import Terrorism? CATO Institute Working Paper.
  • Fukuyama, F., (2006). Identity, Immigrationand Liberal Democracy, Journal of Democracy, 17(2), 5–19.
  • Green, E.G.T., ve Staerklé, C. (2013). Migration and Multiculturalism. In Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Hainmueller, J. ve Hopkins, D.J. (2014). Public Attitudes Toward Immigration. The Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 225-249.
  • Huddleston, T., Bilgili, Ö., Joki, A. L. ve Vankova, Z., (2015). Migrant Integration Policy Index, 24.02.2018 tarihinde http://mipex.eu/political-participation adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Hyde, A., vd. (2013). Why Don’t They Naturalise? Voices from the Dominican Community, Latino Studies, 11(3), 313–40.
  • Inci, E.I. (2017). Postmodern discourse analysis of citizenshiptests: the cases of the United States of America and the United Kingdom.Marmara Journal Of European Studies, 25(2), 103-130.
  • Kılıç, S., Saharso, S. ve Sauer, B., (2008). Introduction: The veil: Debating citizenship, gender, and religious diversity. Social Politics, 15(4), 397–410.
  • Koslowski, R. (2002). Challenges of international cooperation in a world of increasing dual nationalityin rights and duties of dual nationals evolution and prospects. New York: Kluwer Law International,
  • Kymlicka, W. (2002). Multiculturalism and Minority Rights: West and East. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Issue 4.
  • Lizzeri, A.ve Persico, N. (2004). Why did the elites extend the suffrage? Democracy and the scope of government, with an application to Britain’s “age of reform”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119( 2), 707–765.
  • McLaren, L. M., (2010). Cause for concern? The Impact Of Immigration On Politicaltrust. Policy Network Paper, University of Nottingham.
  • Medrzycki, K. (2017). Pioneering new immigration policy in the contemporary Japan. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 68-93.
  • Miller, A. H. ve Listhaug, O. (1990). Political parties and confidence in government: a comparison of Norway, Sweden and the United States.British Journal of Political Science, 29(3), 357–386.
  • Min, T.E.(2014). Thevimpact of panethnicity on Asian American and Latino political participation. Ethnicities, 14(5), 698-721.
  • Parekh, B.C. (2000), Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Harvard University Press.
  • Pedroza, L. (2015). The Democratic potential of enfranchising resident migrants, International Migration, 53(3), 23–24.
  • Podobnik, B., Jusup, M., Kovac, D., ve Stanley, H.E. (2016). Predicting the Rise of EU Right-Wing Populism in Response to Unbalanced Immigration. Complexity, 2017, 1580526:1-1580526:12.
  • Saurer, J. (2017). The acquisition of citizenship in the OECD Countries. IFO DICE Report 2 ,15.
  • Schiller, N.G. ve Çağlar, A. (2013). Locating migrant pathways of economic emplacement: Thinking beyond the ethnic lens. Ethnicities, 13(4), 494–514.
  • Tuna, M. ve Özbek, Ç.(2014). Uluslararası göçler sonrası kimlik tartışmaları ve alternatif iki model: Çok-kültürlülük ve Avrupa Birliği Yurttaşlığı, yurttaşlığı yeniden düşünmek: sosyolojik hukuki.Siyasal Tartışmalar içinde. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • United Nations (2017). Secretary-General Calls Migration Potential Solution To Many Global Challenges, Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 16 February.
  • United Nations (UN), (2016). International Migration 2015, department for economic and social affairs, Population Division.
  • Vasile, O. ve Androniceanu, A. (2018). An Overview Of The Romanian Asylum Policies, Sustainability, 10 (5), 1461-1489.
  • Verea, M. (2018). Anti-immigrantand anti-Mexican attitudes and policies during the first 18 months of the Trump administration sentimientos. Norteamérica, 13 (2).
  • Wadsworth, J.,Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., ve Van Reenen, J. (2016). Brexit and the Impact Of Immigration on the UK, Center for Economic Performance. London School of Eonomics and Political Science.
  • Weldon, S. A. (2006). the institutional context of tolerance for ethnic minorities: A Comparative, multi-level analysis of Western Europe. American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 331–349.
  • White, S., Nevitte, N., Blais, A., Gidengil, E., ve Fournier, P. (2008). The political resocialization of immigrants: Resistance or lifelong learning?. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 268–281.
  • Wittenberg, L., (2017). Managing Mixed Migration: The Central Mediterranean Route To Europe, International Peace Institute Desperate Migration Series. No. 3, April.

Migration and the Future of Democracy

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2125 - 2149, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.592954

Öz

There has been an increase in political, economic, social and cultural
differences that have been subjected to intensive migration. The coexistence of
these differences is possible with the policies agreed at international,
national and local level. In democratic countries which support the
nation-state approach, new problems arise from migrations. Among these
problems, xenophobia and the rise of right wing parties are the most important.
The increase of such tendencies is extremely dangerous for the future of
democratic principles. It is important that states and governments act within
the framework of democratic values to regulate the living conditions of
immigrants coming to the country in various ways, to integrate them with
society and to raise public awareness on this issue. Otherwise, polarizing
ideologies will emerge against differences in social structure and the
establishment of universal peace will be difficult. For this purpose in the
study the literature on migration and democracy and some reports published by
international organizations are examined. In today's world, it is known that
migration movements continue to increase and the number of migrants increases
especially in developed and developing countries. Therefore, it is thought to
be beneficial to introduce individuals who are accepted as immigrants or
foreigners and have become a social reality with the opportunities provided by
democracy as much as possible in such countries.

Kaynakça

  • Bauböck, R. (2005). Expansive Citizenship—Voting Beyond Territory And Membership.Political Science and Politics, 38(4), 683–87.
  • Breunig, C.,Cao, X nndLuedtke A.,(2012). Global Migration And Political Regimetype: A Democratic Disadvantage. British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press. 42(4), 825-854.
  • Byrne, J.(2018). National Identity And Migration In An Emerging Gateway Community, MDPI Social Science, 7(5), 73.
  • Dahl, R.A., 1989. Democracy and İts Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • De Genova ve Nicholas P. (2002). Migrant "Illegality" and Deportability In Everyday Life. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 419-47.
  • Engdahl, M., Lindgren, K. O., & Rosenqvist, O. (2018). The role of local voting rights for foreign citizens : A catalyst for integration?, (Working Paper Series:2018:3), IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2015). Avrupa’da Türkiye Kökenli Göçmenler Ve ‘Euro-Turks Barometre’ Araştırmaları. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 108-148.
  • Estevens, J.(2018). Migration CRISIs in the EU: Developing a Framework For Analysis Of National Security And Defence Strategies. Comparative Migration Studies 6. Article Number 28.
  • EUFRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights). (2017). Together in the EU: Promoting the Participation of Migrants and their Descendants, Vienna.
  • European Commission. (2004). Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU.
  • Forrester, A.C., Powell, B., Nowrasteh, A. ve Landgrave, M. (2019). Do Immigrants Import Terrorism? CATO Institute Working Paper.
  • Fukuyama, F., (2006). Identity, Immigrationand Liberal Democracy, Journal of Democracy, 17(2), 5–19.
  • Green, E.G.T., ve Staerklé, C. (2013). Migration and Multiculturalism. In Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Hainmueller, J. ve Hopkins, D.J. (2014). Public Attitudes Toward Immigration. The Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 225-249.
  • Huddleston, T., Bilgili, Ö., Joki, A. L. ve Vankova, Z., (2015). Migrant Integration Policy Index, 24.02.2018 tarihinde http://mipex.eu/political-participation adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Hyde, A., vd. (2013). Why Don’t They Naturalise? Voices from the Dominican Community, Latino Studies, 11(3), 313–40.
  • Inci, E.I. (2017). Postmodern discourse analysis of citizenshiptests: the cases of the United States of America and the United Kingdom.Marmara Journal Of European Studies, 25(2), 103-130.
  • Kılıç, S., Saharso, S. ve Sauer, B., (2008). Introduction: The veil: Debating citizenship, gender, and religious diversity. Social Politics, 15(4), 397–410.
  • Koslowski, R. (2002). Challenges of international cooperation in a world of increasing dual nationalityin rights and duties of dual nationals evolution and prospects. New York: Kluwer Law International,
  • Kymlicka, W. (2002). Multiculturalism and Minority Rights: West and East. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Issue 4.
  • Lizzeri, A.ve Persico, N. (2004). Why did the elites extend the suffrage? Democracy and the scope of government, with an application to Britain’s “age of reform”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119( 2), 707–765.
  • McLaren, L. M., (2010). Cause for concern? The Impact Of Immigration On Politicaltrust. Policy Network Paper, University of Nottingham.
  • Medrzycki, K. (2017). Pioneering new immigration policy in the contemporary Japan. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 68-93.
  • Miller, A. H. ve Listhaug, O. (1990). Political parties and confidence in government: a comparison of Norway, Sweden and the United States.British Journal of Political Science, 29(3), 357–386.
  • Min, T.E.(2014). Thevimpact of panethnicity on Asian American and Latino political participation. Ethnicities, 14(5), 698-721.
  • Parekh, B.C. (2000), Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Harvard University Press.
  • Pedroza, L. (2015). The Democratic potential of enfranchising resident migrants, International Migration, 53(3), 23–24.
  • Podobnik, B., Jusup, M., Kovac, D., ve Stanley, H.E. (2016). Predicting the Rise of EU Right-Wing Populism in Response to Unbalanced Immigration. Complexity, 2017, 1580526:1-1580526:12.
  • Saurer, J. (2017). The acquisition of citizenship in the OECD Countries. IFO DICE Report 2 ,15.
  • Schiller, N.G. ve Çağlar, A. (2013). Locating migrant pathways of economic emplacement: Thinking beyond the ethnic lens. Ethnicities, 13(4), 494–514.
  • Tuna, M. ve Özbek, Ç.(2014). Uluslararası göçler sonrası kimlik tartışmaları ve alternatif iki model: Çok-kültürlülük ve Avrupa Birliği Yurttaşlığı, yurttaşlığı yeniden düşünmek: sosyolojik hukuki.Siyasal Tartışmalar içinde. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • United Nations (2017). Secretary-General Calls Migration Potential Solution To Many Global Challenges, Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 16 February.
  • United Nations (UN), (2016). International Migration 2015, department for economic and social affairs, Population Division.
  • Vasile, O. ve Androniceanu, A. (2018). An Overview Of The Romanian Asylum Policies, Sustainability, 10 (5), 1461-1489.
  • Verea, M. (2018). Anti-immigrantand anti-Mexican attitudes and policies during the first 18 months of the Trump administration sentimientos. Norteamérica, 13 (2).
  • Wadsworth, J.,Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., ve Van Reenen, J. (2016). Brexit and the Impact Of Immigration on the UK, Center for Economic Performance. London School of Eonomics and Political Science.
  • Weldon, S. A. (2006). the institutional context of tolerance for ethnic minorities: A Comparative, multi-level analysis of Western Europe. American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 331–349.
  • White, S., Nevitte, N., Blais, A., Gidengil, E., ve Fournier, P. (2008). The political resocialization of immigrants: Resistance or lifelong learning?. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 268–281.
  • Wittenberg, L., (2017). Managing Mixed Migration: The Central Mediterranean Route To Europe, International Peace Institute Desperate Migration Series. No. 3, April.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fethi Nas 0000-0001-6464-5615

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 3 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Nas, F. (2019). Göç ve Demokrasinin Geleceği. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 2125-2149. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.592954