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The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)

Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2026 21 Temmuz 2026
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The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)

Öz

This study examines the visual stereotypes constructed toward the Jewish minority in the popular satire publication Şaka magazine during the critical wartime years of World War II (1943–1944). Shaped under the intense socio-economic climate of the era, particularly following the implementation of the Wealth Tax (Varlık Vergisi), these representations are analyzed through an intersectional framework of ethnicity, gender, and class. Utilizing Roland Barthes’ visual semiotic model (denotation, connotation, and myth) in tandem with Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, the research conducts an in-depth analysis of a systematically selected archival sample centered on repeating characters such as Rebeka, Salamon, and Moiz. The analysis identifies two primary representational trajectories that systematically establish marginalized social categorization: opportunistic and affluent figures presented through the representations of 'Corrupt Modernity' and 'Exotic Other'. The findings reveal that humor functioned as a sharp ideological apparatus during this period, fixing the non-Muslim identity as an existential, moral, and economic "Other." By mapping out these specific visual codes and performance patterns, this research demonstrates that wartime hostility was actively enforced through the weaponization of gender roles and class degradation within print media, thereby contributing a rigorous, monographic perspective to the literature on minority representation in World War II-era Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jewish stereotypes, Şaka magazine, visual semiotics, gender performativity, war-time satire, world war II Turkey

Kaynakça

  1. Aktar, A. (2000). Varlık Vergisi ve “Türkleştirme” politikaları. İletişim Yayınları.
  2. Akyüz, S. S., & Torlak, P. (2025). Türkiye’de siyasi eleştiri aracı olarak mizah ve karikatürde muhalefet karşıtlığı: Misvak dergisi örneği. Selçuk İletişim, 18(2), 929–958. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1692222
  3. Avcı, C. (2023). Kadın konulu karikatürlerde beden estetiği: Mizahın modernizm eleştirisi mi? Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(4), 1188–1202. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1348799
  4. Bali, R. N. (2000). Cumhuriyet yıllarında Türkiye Yahudileri: Bir Türkleştirme serüveni (1923–1945). İletişim Yayınları.
  5. Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text (S. Heath, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  6. Bezirgan Arar, Y. (2010). Haber söyleminin görsel bir formu olarak politik karikatürün ötekileştirme pratiklerindeki işlevi. Ege Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Yeni Düşünceler Hakemli E-Dergisi, (5), 161–184. https://izlik.org/JA37YP23ZU
  7. Butler, J. (2018). Cinsiyet belası: Feminizm ve kimliğin altüst edilmesi (B. Ertür, Çev.). Metis Yayınları.
  8. Cantek, L. (2002). Türkiye’de çizgi roman. İletişim Yayınları.
  9. Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
  10. Değirmenci, N., & Tunçer, Ç. P. (2023). Siyasi karikatürlerde görsel söylemin eleştirel analizi için kapsamlı bir taksonomi: Türkleştirme politikalarını anlatan karikatürlerle bir uygulama örneği. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies, 10(2), 101–124. https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.1402321

Kaynak Göster

APA
Akdeniz, B. (2026). The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944). OPUS Journal of Society Research, 23(2026), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1937864
AMA
1.Akdeniz B. The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944). OPUS TAD. 2026;23(2026):1-16. doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1937864
Chicago
Akdeniz, Berna. 2026. “The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)”. OPUS Journal of Society Research 23 (2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1937864.
EndNote
Akdeniz B (01 Temmuz 2026) The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944). OPUS Journal of Society Research 23 2026 1–16.
IEEE
[1]B. Akdeniz, “The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)”, OPUS TAD, c. 23, sy 2026, ss. 1–16, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.26466/opusjsr.1937864.
ISNAD
Akdeniz, Berna. “The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)”. OPUS Journal of Society Research 23/2026 (01 Temmuz 2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1937864.
JAMA
1.Akdeniz B. The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944). OPUS TAD. 2026;23:1–16.
MLA
Akdeniz, Berna. “The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944)”. OPUS Journal of Society Research, c. 23, sy 2026, Temmuz 2026, ss. 1-16, doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1937864.
Vancouver
1.Berna Akdeniz. The intersection of gender and ethnicity: A visual semiotic analysis of Jewish stereotypes in Şaka magazine (1943-1944). OPUS TAD. 01 Temmuz 2026;23(2026):1-16. doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1937864