Demokrat Başkanların Kürt Politikaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 565 - 602, 06.05.2022

İsmail Sarı Tuğba Altun

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1026475

Öz

ABD’nin Kürtlere yönelik politikaları farklı dönemlerde çeşitli dinamikler tarafından şekillenmiştir. Yönetimlere göre değişen politikalarda cumhuriyetçiler ve demokratlar arasında da belirli farklılıklar göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin demokrat başkanlarının Kürtlere yönelik politikalarına odaklanılacaktır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından “insan hakları”, “kendi kendini yönetme hakkı” gibi idealist söylemler üzerinden Kürtlere yaklaşan ABD başkanları, özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Soğuk Savaş dönemi şartlarına uygun olarak pragmatist politikalara yönelmiştir. Bu bağlamda da genel olarak Soğuk Savaş döneminde Kürtlerin yaşadığı ülkelerin iç işlerine müdahale edilmek istenmemiş, onları destekleyici bir politika izlenmemiştir.

Dönemsel olarak ABD’nin bölgesel politikalarında, İran ve Irak gibi ülkeler ile ilişkilerine bağlı olarak Kürtlere yönelik politikalarda da değişiklikler gerçekleşmiştir. Özellikle Arap Baharı’nın ülkeler üzerinde etkisi ve bölgede terör örgütlerinin ortaya çıkması önemli faktörler olmuştur. Öncelikle Obama ile birlikte ABD’nin Ortadoğu’da askeri varlığını azaltma politikası gündeme gelmiştir. Sonrasında ise terör örgütlerine karşı bölgede ABD güçleri yerine, Kürtler gibi vekil kuvvetlerin kullanılması ön plana çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda ise ABD’nin Kürtlere yönelik politikasının çeşitli alanlarda geliştiği söylenebilir. ABD, özellikle Suriye’de Kürt grupları vekil güç olarak kullanmaktadır. Maddi, askeri ve eğitim gibi destekler de sağlamaktadır. IKBY ile de iyi ilişkilere sahip olan ABD, insan hakları ve Kürtlerin uğradığı haksızlıklar bağlamında da Kürtleri desteklediğini belirtmektedir. Kürtler, özellikle Biden’ın ABD başkanı seçilmesiyle haklarının artabileceğini, bağımsızlık bağlamında da gelişmeler yaşanabileceğini ummuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda yukarıda genel ve soyut olarak aktardığımız çerçevede demokrat başkanların Kürt politikaları analiz edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABD, Demokratlar, Cumhuriyetçiler, Kürtler, KDP, PYD

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Öz

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Anahtar Kelimeler

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Democratic Presidents' Policies Towards the Kurds

Öz

A variety of dynamics shapes the policies of the USA towards the Kurds in different periods. In the policies that differ from administration to administration, there are some differences between republicans and democrats. The focus point of this study is the policies of democrat presidents in the US towards Kurds. After the First World War, the US presidents shaped their policies towards Kurds regarding human rights, self-determination, etc. Especially after the Second World War, their policies were shaped and changed according to the Cold War environment. In this respect, they made decisions according to certain norms, but sometimes, they took pragmatic decisions. Generally, the US did not want to intervene in the politics of countries with a Kurdish population and did not follow any policy supporting Kurdish groups.

Periodically in the USA’s regional policies, there were some policy changes towards Kurds based on the relationships between Iran and Iraq. Especially the emergence of regional terrorist organizations and the effects of Arab Spring on countries are the crucial aspects. At first, in the Obama period, the US wanted to reduce the presence of military existence of the US in the Middle East. After that, the US wanted to use Proxy forces such as Kurds against the terrorist groups. Recently, the USA’s policies toward Kurds developed in various fields. The US primarily uses the Kurdish group in Syria as Proxy forces. The US administration provides support in the area of financial, military and training, etc. The US has a good relationship with IKRG, and they support Kurds in terms of human rights and the injustice Kurds face. Kurds hoped that their rights could develop, and there could be some developments about the independence, especially after Biden became the president. In this regard, democrat presidents’ Kurdish policy will be examined in terms of the general, and discrete framework explained above in this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

USA, Democrats, Republicans, Kurds, KDP, PYD

Kaynakça

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