THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PERCEPTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 31 - 45

Ömer Okan Fettahlioğlu , Hamran Amırlı

Öz

Digital transformation is the process by which an organization adapts technologies called digital tools to its business processes. Since these processual changes bring along some uncertainties, business managers have to take an employee-oriented approach. The main goal to be achieved is to ensure that employees adapt to digital transformation. The purpose of this study is to understand the possible effects of digital transformation perception on employee performance and job satisfaction. For this reason, the model of the study is based on explaining the relationship between variables theoretically and empirically. The theoretical background of the study is based on theories such as human capital theory, structural adjustment theory, structuration theory, motivation theories, expectancy theory and organizational effectiveness theory. The empirical results are based on data tests from 757 employees in the electrical and electronics industry using partial least squares structural equation modeling and PLS-SEM. The findings suggest that digital transformation perceptions can have positive effects on job satisfaction and employee performance. At the end of the study, recommendations are presented for businesses that want to be successful in digital transformation perceptions to implement employee-oriented strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital transformation perception, job satisfaction, employee performance

Proje Numarası

2024/2-22 M

DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM ALGISININ ÇALIŞAN PERFORMANSI VE İŞ MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Digital transformation is the process by which an organization adapts technologies called digital tools to its business processes. Since these processual changes bring along some uncertainties, business managers have to take an employee-oriented approach. The main goal to be achieved is to ensure that employees adapt to digital transformation. The purpose of this study is to understand the possible effects of digital transformation perception on employee performance and job satisfaction. For this reason, the model of the study is based on explaining the relationship between variables theoretically and empirically. The theoretical background of the study is based on theories such as human capital theory, structural adjustment theory, structuration theory, motivation theories, expectancy theory and organizational effectiveness theory. The empirical results are based on data tests from 757 employees in the electrical and electronics industry using partial least squares structural equation modeling and PLS-SEM. The findings suggest that digital transformation perceptions can have positive effects on job satisfaction and employee performance. At the end of the study, recommendations are presented for businesses that want to be successful in digital transformation perceptions to implement employee-oriented strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital dönüşüm algısı, iş tatmini, çalışan performansı

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Scientific Research Coordination Office (Project No: 2024/2-22 M).

Proje Numarası

2024/2-22 M

Kaynakça

• Akar, V., & Bekar, F. (2022). İşin anlamlılığının iş performansı üzerindeki etkisinde iş tatmininin aracı Covid-19 korkusunun düzenleyici rolü. Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(17), 24-36.
• Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519-529 https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.519
• Avirutha, A. (2018). The impact of digital transformation to business performance, in Thailand 4.0 Era, Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn University, 11(5), 295-307.
• Aydınlı, A., Erkasap, A., & Özcan, A. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin iş tatmine etkisinde iş yaşam dengesinin aracılık rolü. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 11(24), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1387836
• Baker, M. (2014). Digital transformation. Createspace Independent P., Buckingham Business Monographs, United Kingdom.
• Başol, Oğuz., & Çömlekçi, M. F. (2020). İş tatmini ölçeğinin uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 1(2), 16–29.
• Berliana, M., Siregar, N., & Gustian, H. D. (2018). The model of job satisfaction and employee performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(6), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.7183
• Bhatti, K. K., & Qureshi, T. M. (2007). Impact of employee participation on job satisfaction, employee commitment and employee productivity. International review of business research papers, 3(2), 54-68.
• Bolli, T., ve Pusterla, F. (2022). Decomposing the effects of digitalization on workers’ job satisfaction. International Review of Economics, 69(2), 263-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-022-00392-6
• Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307–311. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055617
• Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company, London.
• Burmeister, C., Lüttgens, D., & Piller, F. T. (2016). Business model innovation for Industrie 4.0: why the ‘Industrial Internet’ mandates a new perspective on innovation. Die Unternehmung, 70(2), 124-152. https://doi.org/10.5771/0042-059X-2016-2-124
• Büyükyılmaz, O., Karakulle, İ. & Karataş, İ. (2019). Örgütsel kariyer yönetiminin duygusal bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde iş tatmininin aracılık rolü, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 1-29
• Chanias, S. & Hess, T. (2016). How digital are we? Maturity models for the assessment of a company’s status in the digital transformation. Management Report/Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik und Neue Medien, (2), 1-14.
• Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan güçlendirmenin işgören performansı üzerine etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35-46.
• da Cruz Carvalho, A., Riana, I. G., & Soares, A. D. C. (2020). Motivation on job satisfaction and employee performance. International research journal of management, IT and social sciences, 7(5), 13-23 https://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v7n5.960
• Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
• Dekoulou, P., & Trivellas, P., (2015), Measuring the impact of learning organization on job satisfaction and individual performance in Greek advertising sector, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, 367-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1212
• Duarte, P., & Amaro, S. (2018). Methods for modelling reflective-formative second order constructs in PLS: An application to online travel shopping. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0092
• Dugguh, S. I., & Dennis, A. (2014). Job satisfaction theories: Traceability to employee performance in organizations. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(5), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16511925
• Farivar, F., & Richardson, J. (2021). Workplace digitalisation and work-nonwork satisfaction: the role of spillover social media. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(8), 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1723702
• Fitzgerald, M., Kruschwitz, N., Bonnet, D. & Welch, M. (2013). Embracing digital technology: A new strategic imperative. MIT Sloan Management Review Research Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
• Fleischer, J., & Wanckel, C. (2024). Job satisfaction and the digital transformation of the public sector: The mediating role of job autonomy. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 44(3), 431-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221148403
• Ghanbar, T. S., & Chegini, M. G. (2014). Investigation of the Influence of Trust on Participative Performance of Employees (Mediating Role of Commitment) in Social Security Organization Departments in Guilan Province. Mediterranean Journal os Social Sciences, 5(23), 2777-2782. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2777
• Gong, C., Parisot, X., Reis, D. (2024). The Evolution of Digital Transformation. In: Schallmo, D., Baiyere, A., Gertsen, F., Rosenstand, C.A.F., Williams, C.A. (eds) Digital Disruption and Transformation. ISPIM 2022. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47888-8_1
• Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004
• Gudergan, G. & Mugge, P., (2017). Closing the gaps between practice and theory of digital transformation. Hawaiian International Conference of Systems Science, August, 1–15.
• Gudergan, S.P., Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. & Will, A. (2008). Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling, Journal of Business Research, 61(12): 1238-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.012
• Hai, T. N., Van, Q. N. & Thi Tuyet, M. N. (2021). Digital transformation: opportunities and challenges for leaders in the emerging countries in response To COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging Science Journal, 5(1), 21-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-03
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. In Vectors (Vol. 7). Pearson Public.
• Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M. & Thiele, K.O. (2017). Mirror, Mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5): 616-632 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
• Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69 https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i1.160
• Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D., & Antunes Marante, C. (2021). A systematic review of the literature on digital transformation: Insights and implications for strategy and organizational change. Journal of Management Studies, 58(5), 1159-1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12639
• Henriette, E., Feki, M. & Boughzala, I. (2016). Digital transformation challenges. Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems, In MCIS 2016 Proceedings. 33-45
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. & Sinkovics, R.R. (2009), "The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing", Sinkovics, R.R. and Ghauri, P.N. (Ed.) New Challenges to International Marketing (Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 20), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 277-319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
• Hidayat, F., Sumantri, S., Rumengan, A. E., Wibisono, C., & Khaddafi, M. (2023). The effect of digital leadership, information technology and digital competency on employee performance in the digital era: mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v2i2.204
• Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2014). Digital ubiquity: How connections, sensors, and data are revolutionizing business. Harvard Business Review, 92(11), 1-11
• Inuwa, M. (2016). Job satisfaction and employee performance: An empirical approach. The Millennium University Journal, 1(1), 90-103
• Jafarzadeh, H., Aurum, A., D’Ambra, J., Abedin, B., & Assemi, B. (2015). Search engine advertising adoption and utilization: An empirical investigation of inflectional factors. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 25(4), 402–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2015.1087704
• Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17
• Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2016). Aligning the organization for its digital future. In MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press (Issue 58180).
• Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/256874
• Küçükoğlu, M. T. (2018). Psikolojik güçlendirme, iş tatmini ve çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişkiler: Türkiye’deki üniversiteler genelinde bir araştırma. Verimlilik Dergisi, (3), 143-164.
• Larjovuori, R. L., Bordi, L., Mäkiniemi, J. P. & Heikkilä-Tammi, K. (2016). The role of leadership and employee well-being in organizational digitalization. In T. Russo-Spena, & C. Mele (Eds.), What's Ahead in Service Research? New Perspectives for Business and Society : Reser 2016 Proceedings, 1159-1172.
• Legner, C., Eymann, T., Hess, T., Matt, C., Böhmann, T., Drews, P., Mädche, A., Urbach, N. & Ahlemann, F. (2017). Digitalization: opportunity and challenge for the business and information systems engineering community. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0484-2
• Li, L., Su, F., Zhang, W., & Mao, J. Y. (2018). Digital transformation by SME entrepreneurs: A capability perspective. Information Systems Journal, 28(6), 1129-1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12153
• Lindawati, M., & Parwoto, P. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership and motivation on employee performance with job satisfaction as intervening variable in Indonesian banking industry during digital transformation. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 51-66.
• Locke, E. (1969). What is job satisfaction?. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
• Lumunon, D. F., Massie, J. D., & Trang, I. (2021). The effect of training, digital transformation, and work motivation on employee performance during the COVID-19 period: A study on culinary UMKM employees in Manado city. Central Asian Journal Of Literature, Philosophy and Culture, 2(8), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.47494/cajlpc.v2i8.190
• Mukherjee, D., & Gopal, N. (2024). Impact of digital transformation on employee job satisfaction-a bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Bibliometrics in Business and Management, 3(2), 95-146. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBM.2024.140358
• Nadeem, A., Abedin, B., Cerpa, N., & Chew, E. (2018). Editorial: Digital transformation & digital business strategy in electronic commerce - The role of organizational capabilities. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 13(2), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762018000200101
• Ninaus, K., Diehl, S., & Terlutter, R. (2021). Employee perceptions of information and communication technologies in work life, perceived burnout, job satisfaction and the role of work-family balance. Journal of Business Research, (136), 652-666 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.007
• Nitzl, C. (2016). The use of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in management accounting research: Directions for future theory development. Journal of Accounting Literature, 37, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2016.09.003
• Petrucci, T. & Rivera, M. (2018). Leading growth through the digital leader. Journal of Leadership Studies, 12(3), 53-56 https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21595
• Rukani, S. D., & Ratnasari, S. D. (2024). Mediation of dynamic innovation capability on digital transformation and employee collaborative innovation on employee performance. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(2), 3677-3692.
• Sağlam, M. (2021). İşletmelerde geleceğin vizyonu olarak dijital dönüşümün gerçekleştirilmesi ve dijital dönüşüm ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(40), 395–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.764373
• Schallmo, D.R.A., & Williams, C.A. (2018). History of digital transformation. In: Digital Transformation Now!. SpringerBriefs in Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72844-5_2
• Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. (first Edition) Portfolio Penguin, Crown Publishing, New York.
• Schwertner, K. (2017). Digital Transformation of Business. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(1), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2017.s.01.065
• Shoaib, H. M. (2022). Digital transformation as a mediating variable in the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business Ethics and Governance, 5(1), 70-104. https://doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v5i1.99
• Shwedeh, F., Aburayya, A., & Mansour, M. (2023). The impact of organizational digital transformation on employee performance: a study in the UAE. Migration Letters, 20(S10), 1260-1274. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20iS10.5710
• Spector, P.E. (1997), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes And Consequences, Sage Publications, London
• Stepantseva, A. (2020). Digital transformation of business models in the banking sector: a multiple case study (doctoral dissertation). Johannes Kepler Unıversity Linz.
• Svahn, F., Mathiassen, L., & Lindgren, R. (2017). Embracing digital innovation in incumbent firms: How Volvo Cars managed competing concerns. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 41(1), 239-254. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.1.12
• Şimşek, T. (2022). İş tatmini ile çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişkide iş yaşamında yalnızlığın aracı rolü: market zincirleri çalışanları üzerine bir uygulama. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(3), 1161-1175.
• Teichert, R. (2019). Digital transformation maturity: A systematic review of literature. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(6), 1673-1687. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061673
• Teng, X., Wu, Z., & Yang, F. (2022). Research on the relationship between digital transformation and performance of SMEs. Sustainability, 14(10), 6012. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106012
• Tschopp, C., Grote, G., & Gerber, M. (2014). How career orientation shapes the job satisfaction turnover intention link. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 35(2), 151-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1857
• Vogelsang, K., Liere-Netheler, K., Packmohr, S., & Hoppe, U. (2018). Success factors for fostering a digital transformation in manufacturing companies. Journal of enterprise transformation, 8(1-2), 121-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2019.1578839
• Vroom, V., Porter, L., & Lawler, E. (2015). Expectancy theories. J. Miner (Ed), In Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership (pp. 94-113). Routledge, London. URL-1:https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0810011406