The Relationship of Oral Cancer and Periodontal Disease

Öz

Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Periodontitis is a chronic disease and characterized by loss of attachment and alveolar bone destruction caused by inflammatory and immune reactions induced by microbial dental plaque. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction between oral cancer and periodontitis. The literature search was conducted in publications before March 2019, was searched the keywords of "periodontitis" and "oral cancer" in the Pubmed database. Studies that are evaluated according to oral hygiene, do not evaluate head and neck cancer, and whose full text is not available, were excluded. 17 studies investigating the relationship between oral cancers and periodontitis were included in the evaluation. 47.06% of studies were case control, 17.65% were cross-sectional, 11.76% were meta-analysis and 23.53% were in cohort study design. The included studies report that there is a relationship between periodontitis and oral cancer. There are studies indicating that saliva S100P mRNA may be a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma and P. gingivalis may be a microbial marker for the risk of oro-digestive cancer mortality. It has been reported that there may be a relationship between periodontitis and cancer. If the relationship is confirmed, periodontitis patients can be considered high-risk and screened for oral cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and survival rates can be improved. Prospective studies are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• periodontitis, oral cancer, inflammation

Oral Kanser ve Periodontal Hastalık İlişkisi Disease

Öz

Hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalmasından oluşan hastalık grupları kanser olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Periodontitis mikrobiyal dental plak tarafından uyarılan enflamatuar ve immun reaksiyonlar sonucu oluşan ataçman kaybı ve alveol kemik yıkımı ile karakterize kronik bir hastalıktır. Bu literatür incelemesinde, oral kanser ve periodontitis arasındaki etkileşimin bilimsel bulgular ışığında değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pubmed veritabanında, “periodontitis” ve “oral kanser” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Mart 2019'dan önceki yayınlarda literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ağız hijyenine göre değerlendirilen, baş-boyun kanserini değerlendirmeyen ve tam metinine ulaşılamayan çalışmalar çıkarılmıştır. Oral kanserler ile periodontitis ilişkisini araştıran 17 çalışma değerlendirmeye katılmıştır. Dahil edilen araştırmaların %47,06’sı vaka kontrol, %17,65’i kesitsel, %23,53’ü kohort ve %11,76’sı meta-analiz çalışma tasarımındadır. Dahil edilen çalışmalar periodontitis ile oral kanser arasında ilişki olduğunu bildirmektedir. Oral skuamöz hücreli karsinoma için tükürük S100P mRNA'sının biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceği belirtilmiştir. Orodigestive kanser mortalite riski için P.gingivalis'in mikrobiyal belirteç olarak kullanılabileceği bildirilmiştir. Literatürde varolan kısıtlı çalışmalar, periodontitis ile kanser arasında ilişki olabileceğini bildirmişlerdir. Oral kanser-periodontitis arasındaki ilişki doğrulanırsa, periodontitis hastaları kanser açısından taranabilir ve erken tanı ile sağ-kalım oranları iyileştirilebilir. Periodontitis ile kanser ilişkisini doğrulamak ve sebep-sonuç ilişkisini daha net tanımlayabilmek için histolojik inceleme yapılan prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• periodontitis
• oral kanser
• inflamasyon

Kaynakça

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