COVID-19 ve Grafiksel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 4, 450 - 461, 13.07.2020

Fikret Er Cengiz Bal

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.735753

Öz

Covid-19 salgını 2019 yılının son ayları ile 2020 yılının ilk aylarında tüm dünyanın gündemine hızla giriş yapmıştır. Hastalığın, çıkış noktası kabul edilen Çin’in Wuhan bölgesinden dünyanın diğer bölgelerine ulaşması birkaç ay içinde gerçekleşmiştir. Covid-19 ile ilgili derlenen bilgiler ilk günlerde sayısal tablolar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak ilerleyen günler ile birlikte özellikle farklı ülkelerin değerlerinin karşılaştırılması için grafiklere başvurulmuştur. Grafikler verinin genel özelliklerini hedef kitleye iletmede çok etkili araçlardır. Modern teknoloji ile beraber grafik çeşitliliği de artmıştır. Bu çalışmada son 6 ay içerisinde Covid-19 kapsamında kullanılan bazı grafik teknikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda özellikle mekânsal analizleri içeren haritaların ve konuya ilişkin farklı bilgileri bir arada aktaran gösterge panosunun tıp araştırmalarında daha fazla kullanılmasının, ileride ortaya çıkabilecek yeni salgın hastalıkların tahmin edilmesinde faydalı olabileceği önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid19, Gösterge Panosu, Mekânsal Analiz, Çubuk Grafikleri

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

COVID-19 and Graphical Data Analysis

Öz

Covid-19 pandemic made its abrupt start in the world agenda in the last months of 2019 and the first months of 2020. It took merely a few months for the disease to spread from the Wuhan District of China, which is considered its origin point of outbreak, to other parts of the world. In the initial days of the outbreak, information gathered on Covid-19 appeared as numbers and tables. However, in the following days, graphs were used in order to compare the values of different countries. Graphs are highly efficient tools to transfer the general properties/main features of the data to the target audience. Modern technology increased the variety of graphs. In this study, some graphical techniques that were used in the last 6 months in relation to Covid-19 are studied. In conclusion we suggest that maps filled with spatial analysis and dashboards, because of their ability to show different aspects of the problem all together, should be used more often in medical research in order us to predict the next infectious disease spread.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Dashboards, Spatial Analysis

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2020. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov
• Fisher RA. Statistical Methods for Research Workers, London: Oliver & Boyd. 1925,
• Friendly M. SAS system for statistical graphics. SAS Publishing, 1991.
• Young FW. Valero-Mora PM. Friendly M. Visual Statistics: Seeing Data with Dynamic Interactive Graphics. Vol. 914. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
• Bit definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO). www.linfo.org. Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2020.
• Mosteller F, Fienberg SE, Rourke RE. Beginning Statistics with Data Analysis, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983.
• Friendly M., Denis D. The roots and branches of statistical graphics: Journal de la Société Française de Statistique. 2000; 141(4): 51-60.
• Wilkinson L. Dot plots: The American Statistician. American Statistical Association. 1999; 53(3): 276-281.
• Anscombe FJ. Graphs in Statistical Analysis: American Statistician. 1973: 27(1): 17-21.
• R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.r-project.org, 2013
• Wickham H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York. 2016,
• Turner S. Tmisc: Turner Miscellaneous. R package version 0.1.22. Erişim tarihi: 02 Mayıs 2020. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Tmisc
• Wickham H. François R. Henry L. Müller K. dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R package version 0.8.5. Erişim tarihi: 02 Mayıs 2020. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr
• Team, R. RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA URL http://www. rstudio. com, 42, 14. 2015.
• Cleveland WS. McGill R. Graphical perception: Theory, experimentation, and application to the development of graphical methods: Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1984; 79(387): 531-554.
• Cleveland WS. McGill R. Graphical perception and graphical methods for analyzing scientific data: Science. 1985; 229(4716): 828-833.
• Cleveland WS. McGill R. An experiment in graphical perception: International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 1986; 25(5): 491-500.
• Cleveland WS. McGill R. Graphical perception: The visual decoding of quantitative information on graphical displays of data: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 1987; 150(3) (Series A, Part 3): 192-229.
• Carswell CM. Choosing specifiers: An evaluation of the basic tasks model of graphical perception: Human Factors. 1992; 34(5): 535-554.
• Spence I. Lewandowsky S. Displaying proportions and percentages: Applied Cognitive Psychology. 1991; 5(1): 61–77.
• Simkin D. Hastie R. An information processing analysis of graph perception: Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1987; 82(398): 454-465.
• Cleveland WS. The Elements of Graphing Data. Wadsworth Publ. Co., 1985.
• Friendly M.Denis DJ. Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization. Canada: http://datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?page=home , 2020.
• Playfair W. Lineal Arithmetic; Applied to Shew the Progress of The Commerce and Revenue of England. London, p. 6-7, 1798.
• Der G. Everitt BS. A Handbook of Statistical Graphics Using SAS ODS. Chapman and Hall/CRC. 2014.
• Beniger JR. Robyn DL. Quantitative graphics in statistics: A brief history. The American Statistician: 1978; 32(1): 1-11.
• Slutsky DJ. The effective use of graphs: Journal of wrist surgery. 2014; 3(2): 67-68.
• Kosslyn SM. Graph design for the eye and mind. Oxford University Press., 2006.
• Gassen J. tidycovid19: Download, Tidy and Visualize Covid-19 Related Data. R package version 0.0.0.9000. Erişim tarihi 27 Nisan 2020, https://github.com/joachim-gassen/tidycovid19
• Snow J. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (PDF). London: John Churchill. 1849.
• Snow J. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (2nd ed.). London: John Churchill, 1855.
• Gunn S. William A. Masellis M. Concepts and Practice of Humanitarian Medicine. New York: Springer. pp. 87, 2007.
• Douven W. Scholten HJ. Spatial Analysis in Health Research. In The Added Value of Geographical Information Systems in Public and Environmental Health. Springer, Dordrecht, p.117-133, 1995.
• Johns Hopkins University, Coronavirus Resource Center. Erişim tarihi 27 Nisan 2020 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
• TRT Haber, İl İl koronavirüs vaka sayısı. Erişim tarihi 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/koronavirus/il-il-koronavirus-vaka-sayisi-hangi-ilde-kac-vaka-var-illerdeki-vaka-dagilimi-haritasi-474186.html
• Few S. Information Dashboard Design: The Effective Visual Communication of Data, O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2006.
• Eckerson WW. Performance dashboards: measuring, monitoring, and managing your business. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.