Türkiye'deki Gebe Kadınlarda Beden İmajı ile Anksiyete ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma gebelikte beden imajının anksiyete ve depresyon ile ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma Ekim 2022 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri ​​arasında bir devlet hastanesi ve aile sağlığı merkezlerinde 300 gebe ile kesitsel ve korelasyonel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Gebelikte Beden Algısı Ölçeği (GBAÖ) ve Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon (HAD) Ölçeği ile toplandı. Veri analizi için ortalama, yüzde, Bağımsız Örneklem T Testi, Tek Yönlü ANOVA, Korelasyon ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon kullanıldı. Bulgular: Korelasyon analizi, Gebelikte Beden İmajı ile Anksiyete ve Depresyon arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar olduğunu gösterdi. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinde HAD-A alt boyutu değişkenindeki varyansın %13'ünün (R2 adj.= 0,13) bağımsız değişkenler tarafından açıklandığı bulunmuştur. HAD-D alt ölçeği değişkenindeki varyansın (R2 adj.= 0,27) %27'sinin bağımsız değişkenler tarafından açıklandığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada gebelikte ki beden imajının gebe kadınlarda anksiyeteyi ve depresyonu etkileyen önemli bir faktör olduğunu göstermiştir. Doğum öncesi anksiyete ve depresyonun yüksek prevalansı, bu durumun bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anksiyete
• beden imajı
• depresyon
• gebelik
• regresyon

The Relationship Between Body Image and Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women in Türkiye

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between body image and anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 300 pregnant women in a public hospital and family health centers between October 2022 and February 2023. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Body Understanding Scale for Pregnancy (BUMPs) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale. Mean, percentage, Independent Sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analysis. Results: Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between Body Image and Anxiety and Depression in Pregnancy. In the multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that 13% (R2 adj. = 0.13) of the variance in the HADS-A subscale variable was explained by independent variables. It was found that 27% of the variance in the HAD-D subscale variable (R2 adj.= 0.27) was explained by independent variables. Conclusions: This study showed that body image during pregnancy is a multifaceted problem that affects anxiety and depression in pregnant women. The high prevalence of prenatal anxiety and depression highlights the importance of this condition as a public health problem.

Keywords

• Anxiety
• body image
• depression
• pregnancy
• regression

Kaynakça

1. Grogan S. Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. London: Routledge. 2016. doi:10.4324/9781315681528
2. Yilmaz Kot B. Investigation of the relationship between body image and pain levels in vaginismus patients Master's thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University Graduate Education Institute. 2023.
3. Taşpinar A, Karabudak SS, Çoban A, Adana F. The effect of exposure to domestic violence during pregnancy on postpartum depression and maternal attachment. Adıyaman University Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;(7)2:94-102. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.806662
4. Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 17. Baskı, Ankara. Sistem Ofset Matbaacılık, 2021;67-76.
5. Roomruangwong C, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Maes M. High incidence of body image dissatisfaction in pregnancy and the postnatal period: Associations with depression, anxiety, body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2017;13:103-109. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2017.08.002
6. Creanga AA, Catalano PM, Bateman BT. Obesity in pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;387(3):248-259. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1801040
7. JP NA, Minami M, Eitoku M, Maeda N, Fujieda M, Suganuma N. Lack of concern about body image and health during pregnancy linked to excessive gestational weight gain and small-for-gestational-age deliveries: The Japan environment and children’s study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2021;21(1):396. doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03827-0
8. Cena L, Gigantesco A, Mirabella F, Palumbo G, Camoni L, Trainini A, Stefana A. Prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptomatology in the third trimester of pregnancy: Analysing its association with sociodemographic, obstetric, and mental health features. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021;295:1398-1406. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.015

9. Urbanová E, Škodová Z, Bašková M. The association between birth satisfaction and the risk of postpartum depression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(19):10458. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910458
10. Gulec Satir D, Hazar S. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy scale (BUMPs). Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(2):456-463. doi:10.1111/ppc.12822
11. Kirk E, Preston C. Development and validation of the Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy Scale (BUMPS) and its role in antenatal attachment. Psychol Assess. 2019;31(9):1092-1106. doi:10.1037/pas0000736
12. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361-370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
13. Aydemir O, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;8(4):280-287.
14. Matsudaira T, Igarashi H, Kikuchi H, et al. Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Japanese psychiatric outpatient and student populations. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:42. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-42
15. Uysal I, Kilic AF. Normal distribution dilemma. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International. 2022;12(1):220-248. doi:10.18039/ajesi.962653
16. Meireles JFF, Neves CM, Amaral ACS, Morgado FFDR, Ferreira MEC. Body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem in pregnant and postpartum Brazilian women. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022;3:834040. doi:10.3389/fgwh.2022.834040
17. Przybyła-Basista H, Kwiecińska E, Ilska M. Body acceptance by pregnant women and their attitudes toward pregnancy and maternity as predictors of prenatal depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9436. doi:10.3390/ijerph17249436
18. Şeker S, Canbay FÇ, Cesur C, Firouz N. Investigation of the effect of body image on weight gain during pregnancy: An analytical cross-sectional study. Journal of İnönü University Vocational School of Health Services. 2021;9(1):206-218. doi:10.33715/inonusaglik.812225
19. Patel R, Verma R, Singh R, Yadav R, Verma R, Verma R, Saeed S, Vajpayee S, Shubham A, Sumanlata M. A descriptive study to assess the level of anxiety and depression among antenatal mothers. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. 2022;3(1):542-545.
20. Khan MM, Fatıma Amına N, Khan N, Afrıdı S, Gul E. Examine the frequency of depressive disorders in antenatal women. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2020;14(2):654-656.
21. Nisarga V, Anupama M, Madhu KN. Social and obstetric risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross-sectional study from South-India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2022;72:103063. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103063
22. Yin X, Sun N, Jiang N, Xu X, Gan Y, Zhang J, Gong Y. Prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review. 2021;83:101932. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101932
23. Dahiya N, Aggarwal K, Kumar R. Prevalence and correlates of antenatal depression among women registered at antenatal clinic in North India. Tzu Chi Med J. 2020;32(3):267-271. doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_97_19
24. Prabhu S, Guruvare S, George LS, Nayak BS, Mayya S. Prevalence and associated risk factors of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India. Depress Res Treat. 2022;2022:9127358. doi:10.1155/2022/9127358
25. Cevik E, Yanikkerem E. The factors affecting self-esteem, depression and body image of pregnant women in a state hospital in Turkey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(7):1159-1164. doi:10.5455/JPMA.19892