The Effect on the Quality of Life and Metabolic Control of Nutritional Literacy in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect on the quality of life and metabolic control of nutritional literacy in individuals with diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 423 individuals with diabetes in a family health center operating in a city center in northwest of Turkey between November 2020 and April 2021. The data were collected using the “Socio-demographic and health-related data form”, “Evaluation instrument of nutrition literacy on adults” and “The World Organization-Five Well-being index”. Metabolic control was evaluated using the results of Hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index.
Results: It was found that there was a high and positive significant correlation between nutritional literacy with quality of life and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there was a high and negative significant correlation between nutritional literacy and body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol of individuals with diabetes.
Conclusion: It was found that there was a high and positive significant correlation between nutritional literacy with quality of life and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there was a high and negative significant correlation between nutritional literacy and body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol of individuals with diabetes. 

Keywords

• Diabetes mellitus
• literacy
• nutritional
• quality of life

Diyabetli Bireylerde Beslenme Okuryazarlığının Yaşam Kalitesi ve Metabolik Kontrol Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diyabetli bireylerde beslenme okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yaşam kalitesi ve metabolik kontrol üzerine etkisini incelemektir.
Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin kuzey batısında bir şehir merkezinde faaliyet gösteren bir aile sağlığı merkezinde Kasım 2020-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında 423 diyabetli birey ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, “Sosyodemografik ve sağlığa ilişkin veri formu”, “Yetişkinlerde beslenme okuryazarlığı değerlendirme aracı” ve “Dünya Sağlık Örgütü-Beş İyilik hali indeksi” ile toplanmıştır. Metabolik değerlendirmede Hemoglobin A1C, açlık kan şekeri, kolesterol, trigliserid, düşük dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol, yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol ve beden kütle indeksi sonuçları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Diyabetli bireylerde, beslenme okuryazarlığı ile yaşam kalitesi ve yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol düzeyi arasında pozitif yönlü yüksek ve anlamlı; beden kütle indeksi, hemoglobin A1C, açlık kan şekeri ve kolesterol arasında negatif yönlü yüksek ve anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Diyabetli bireylerde yetersiz/sınırlı beslenme okuryazarlığı düzeyi, metabolik kontrol değerlerini ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme
• diyabet
• okuryazarlık
• yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

1. 1. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Diabetes Atlas 2019. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/. Accessed Kasım 10, 2020.
2. 2. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1-135.
3. 3. Ündey E. Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus tanılı 18-64 yaş arası yetişkinlerde beslenme okuryazarlığı ve öz etkililiğin diyabet ve öz bakım aktivitelerine etkisi. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İzmir, Türkiye. 2019.
4. 4. Forouhi NG, Misra A, Mohan V, Taylor R, Yancy W. Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. BMJ. 2018;361:k2234.
5. 5. Breen C, Ryan M, Gibney MJ, O’Shea D. Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes. Br. J. Nutr. 2015;114(3):439-447. doi:10.1017/S0007114515002068.
6. 6. Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, et al. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):89-96. doi:10.2337/dc11-S089.
7. 7. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of medical care in diabetes: Abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2015;33(2):97-111. doi:10.2337/diaclin.33.2.97.
8. 8. Bailey SC, Brega AG, Crutchfield TM, et al. Update on health literacy and diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(5):581-604. doi:10.1177/0145721714540220.

9. 9. WHO (1998) Wellbeing measures in primary health care/The DepCare Project: report on a WHO meeting: Stockholm, Swedan, 12-13 February 1998 (No. WHO/EURO: 1998-4234-43993-62027).
10. 10. Cesur B, Koçoğlu G, Sümer H. Evaluation instrument of nutrition literacy on adults (EINLA): A validity and reliability study. Integr Food Nutr Metab. 2015;2(3):174-177. doi:10.15761/IFNM.1000114
11. 11. WHO Expert Consultation, Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363(9403):157-163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
12. 12. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Introduction: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):1-2
13. 13. Michou M, Panagiotakos DB, Lionis C, Costarelli V. Socioeconomic inequalities in relation to health and nutrition literacy in Greece. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;70(8):1007-1013. doi:10.1080/09637486.2019.1593951
14. 14. Zoellner JM, Hedrick VE, You W, et al. Effects of a behavioral and health literacy intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):1-12. doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0362-1
15. 15. Özdenk GD, Özcebe LH. Bir üniversite çalışanlarının beslenme okuryazarlığı, beslenme davranışları ve ilişkili faktörler. Turk J Public Health. 2018;16(3):178-189. doi.org/10.20518/tjph.499902
16. 16. Sorensen K, Van de Broucke S, Fullam J,et al. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1-13.
17. 17. Aihara Y, Minai J. Barriers and catalysts of nutrition literacy among elderly Japanese people. Health Promot Int. 2011;26(4):421-431. doi:10.1093/heapro/dar005
18. 18. Döngel HE. Yetişkin bireylerin beslenme okuryazarlığı durumu ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisinin belirlenmesi: Kütahya örneği. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara, Türkiye. 2020.
19. 19. Budak N, Özer E, Kovalı S, İnceiş N. Kahvaltının öğrencilerin beslenmesine katkısı ve akademik başarıya etkisi. J Nutr and Diet. 2005;33(1):47-54.
20. 20. Kupolati MD, MacIntyre UE, Gericke GJ, Becker, P. A contextual nutrition education program improves nutrition knowledge and attitudes of South African teachers and learners. Front Public Health. 2019;7(258):1-12. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00258
21. 21. Smith MG. Food or Nutrition Literacy? What concept should guide home economics education. International Journal of Home Economics. 2009;2(1):48-64
22. 22. Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up of Diabetes Mellitus and Complications 2019. http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/201908190958542019tbl_kilavuzb48da47363.pdf. Accessed Ocak 15, 2021
23. 23. Gibbs HD, Ellerbeck EF, Gajewski B, Zhang, C, Sullivan DK. The nutrition literacy assessment instrument (NLit) is a valid and reliable measure of nutrition literacy in adults with chronic disease. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2018;50(3):247-257. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.008
24. 24. Mearns GJ, Chepulis L, Britnell S, Skinner K. Health and nutritional literacy of New Zealand nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education. 2017;56(1):43-48. doi:10.3928/01484834-20161219-09
25. 25. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):12-54.
26. 26. Chetoui A, Kaoutar K, Elmoussaoui S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of poor glycaemic control: A cross-sectional study among Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients. Int Health. 2020;2(1):1-8. doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihz107
27. 27. Afnuhazi R, Hendrawati H, Ahsan A, Andayani RP, Purnamasari D. Accidental sampling study on quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients and family support system. Eksakta. 2021;22(1):54-60. doi:10.24036/eksakta/vol22-iss1/260
28. 28. Bilgin MS, Özenç S, Sarı O, Yeşilkaya Ş, Aydoğan Ü, Koç B. A study on quality of life in patients with diabetes. J. Clin. Anal. Med. 2015;6(2):159-163. doi:10.4328/JCAM.2461
29. 29. Boylu AA, Paçacıoğlu B. Quality of life and indicators. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies. 2016;8(15):137-150.
30. 30. Hashim SA, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Abu Saad H, Ismail S, Hamdy O, Mansour AA. Association of health literacy and nutritional status assessment with glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3152. doi:10.3390/nu12103152