Non-Drug Treatment Methods Used in Alzheimer Patients

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 329 - 337, 31.12.2020

Canan Bozkurt Ayfer Karadakovan

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.775116

Cited By: 1

Öz

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary nodes in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. The early stages of the disease are classically associated with a weakening of memory. In the early stage of the disease, individuals find words, remember the names of new people, and have difficulties in their social / work duties. Moreover, problems such as forgetting the text he has read recently and placing the objects incorrectly can be seen. As the disease progresses, forgetting important events or personal memories in the middle stage, social withdrawal, not remembering addresses or phone numbers, disruption in time and location orientation, choosing clothes suitable for the season / environment, changes in sleep patterns, risk of wandering or loss, personality or behavior changes (suspicion, impulsivity, delusions, and repetitive behaviors). Various approaches to early diagnosis, treatment and especially prevention are needed to end these problems caused by Alzheimer's Disease. Despite the increase in the world and our country with the advancement of technology, the prevention and definitive treatment of the disease is not yet possible. However, in addition to drug therapy, non-drug methods are also used to reduce the symptoms of the disease in order to increase the quality of life and to participate in daily life activities of elderly individuals with Alzheimer's Disease.
The aim of this review is to guide nurses and other health professionals as well as pharmacological treatment, as well as traditional and supportive methods that can be used to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's patients and improve their quality of life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer's disease, cognitive status, complementary therapy

Alzheimer Hastalarında Kullanılan İlaç Dışı Tedavi Yöntemleri

Öz

Alzheimer hastalığı, hipokampus, serebral korteks ve subkortikal alanlarda senil plaklar ve nörofibriler düğümlerin varlığı ile karakterize en sık görülen nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Hastalığın erken aşamaları klasik olarak bellekteki zayıflama ile ilişkilidir. Hastalığın erken evresinde bireyler kelime bulmakta, yeni insanların isimlerini hatırlamakta ve sosyal/iş görevlerinde zorluk yaşamaktadırlar. Beraberinde son günlerde okuduğu yazıyı unutma ve nesneleri yanlış yerleştirme gibi sorunlar görülebilmektedir. Hastalık ilerledikçe orta evrede önemli olayları veya kişisel anıları unutmak, sosyal geri çekilme, adres veya telefon numaralarını hatırlayamama, zaman ve yer oryantasyonunda bozulma, mevsime/ortama uygun kıyafet seçememe, uyku düzeni değişiklikleri, gezinme veya kaybolma riski, kişilik veya davranış değişiklikleri (şüphe, dürtüsellik, sanrılar ve tekrarlayan davranışlar) görülmektedir. Alzheimer hastalığının neden olduğu bu sorunların sona erdirilmesi için erken tanı, tedavi ve özellikle de önlenmesine yönelik çeşitli yaklaşımlara gereksinim vardır. Teknolojinin de ilerlemesiyle dünyada ve ülkemizde çalışmaların artmasına rağmen hastalığın önlenmesi ve kesin tedavisi henüz mümkün olmamaktadır. Ancak Alzheimer hastalığına sahip yaşlı bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerine katılımı ve yaşam kalitesinin artırılabilmesi için ilaç tedavisinin yanı sıra özellikle hastalığın belirtilerini azaltmakta ilaç dışı yöntemler de uygulanmaktadır.
Bu derleme, farmakolojik tedavinin yanı sıra Alzheimer hastalarının semptomlarını azaltmak ve yaşam kalitesini artırmak için kullanılabilecek geleneksel ve destekleyici yöntemlerin hemşireler ve diğer sağlık profesyonellerine yol göstermesini amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer hastalığı, bilişsel durum, tamamlayıcı terapi

Kaynakça

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